| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Cytidine targets various enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, including cytidine deaminase, which converts cytidine to uridine, and uridine-cytidine kinase, which phosphorylates cytidine to CMP. It also serves as a substrate for RNA polymerases during RNA synthesis. As a nucleoside, cytidine is transported into cells by nucleoside transporters and is phosphorylated to cytidine monophosphate (CMP), cytidine diphosphate (CDP), and cytidine triphosphate (CTP). CTP is essential for RNA synthesis and phospholipid biosynthesis. Cytidine's role in CDP-choline synthesis makes it important for cell signaling and membrane integrity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, cytidine is used as a substrate for studying nucleoside metabolism, RNA synthesis, and phospholipid biosynthesis. It is incorporated into RNA during transcription and can be used to label newly synthesized RNA. Cytidine is also a precursor for the synthesis of CDP-choline, which is involved in phosphatidylcholine synthesis and cell signaling. The compound's role in nucleotide metabolism makes it a valuable tool for studying cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
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| ln Vivo |
Cytidine causes an early improvement in depression symptoms and lowers glutamate/glutamine levels [3].
In vivo, cytidine is a natural component of RNA and is essential for life. It is obtained through the diet and synthesized de novo via the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Cytidine is converted to uridine by cytidine deaminase and is phosphorylated to CTP for incorporation into RNA. Cytidine is also a precursor for CDP-choline, which is required for phosphatidylcholine synthesis and cell membrane integrity. The compound has been investigated for its potential neuroprotective effects and its role in cognitive function. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays for cytidine typically involve measuring the activity of enzymes involved in cytidine metabolism, such as cytidine deaminase or uridine-cytidine kinase. These assays use cytidine as a substrate and measure product formation using spectrophotometric, radiometric, or HPLC-based methods. Binding studies can be performed to assess the interaction of cytidine with nucleoside transporters or other binding proteins.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for cytidine use various cell lines to study nucleoside metabolism, RNA synthesis, and phospholipid biosynthesis. Cells are cultured in media containing cytidine, and parameters such as nucleotide levels (by HPLC), RNA synthesis (incorporation of radiolabeled cytidine), and CDP-choline levels are assessed. Cytidine can also be used to study the effects of nucleoside analogues on cellular metabolism and viability.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for cytidine are primarily nutritional or metabolic, as cytidine is a natural component of RNA. Standard protocols for studying nucleotide metabolism involve administering radiolabeled cytidine to rodents and measuring incorporation into RNA in various tissues. Cytidine and its derivatives have been studied in animal models of neurological disorders, stroke, and cognitive impairment to evaluate their neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Cytidine has a molecular weight of 243.22 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₉H₁₃N₃O₅. It is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 210-220°C (dec.). The compound is soluble in water and is stable under normal storage conditions. Cytidine is a natural component of RNA and is obtained through the diet or synthesized de novo. It is metabolized to uridine by cytidine deaminase and is phosphorylated to CTP for incorporation into RNA.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Cytidine is generally recognized as safe at normal dietary levels as it is a natural component of RNA. However, high doses may cause metabolic disturbances. The compound is classified as a research reagent and is not intended for therapeutic use as a standalone agent. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Cytidine is a white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)
Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is linked to ribofuranosine via a β-N(1)-glycosidic bond. It is a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, and a mouse metabolite. Its function is related to cytosine. Cytidine is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Cytidine has also been reported in kissing bugs, fritillaria, and other organisms with relevant data. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside composed of cytosine linked to ribose via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Both cytidine and uridine are involved in RNA synthesis. Cytidine is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is a pyrimidine nucleoside composed of a cytosine base linked to a pentose D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside composed of cytosine and ribose and is a key component of RNA. It was first isolated from yeast nucleic acid. Cytidine is involved in protein synthesis, cellular metabolism, and the synthesis of cAMP and CDP-choline. It is used as a raw material for the synthesis of enzyme inhibitors, antiviral agents, and anticancer agents, including cytarabine, cyclocytidine, and citicoline. Not approved for therapeutic use as a standalone agent; intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H13N3O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
243.2166
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| Exact Mass |
243.085
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| CAS # |
65-46-3
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| Related CAS # |
Cytidine-d2;40632-25-5;Cytidine-13C;201996-57-8;Cytidine-13C-1;478511-19-2;Cytidine-d2-1;478511-21-6;Cytidine-d;177978-30-2;Cytidine-13C9,15N3;202406-79-9;Cytidine-15N3
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| PubChem CID |
6175
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
529.7±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
210-220 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
274.1±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.756
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| LogP |
-1.78
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
383
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O
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| InChi Key |
UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-XVFCMESISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H13N3O5/c10-5-1-2-12(9(16)11-5)8-7(15)6(14)4(3-13)17-8/h1-2,4,6-8,13-15H,3H2,(H2,10,11,16)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
4-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~205.58 mM)
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~205.58 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.28 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.28 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.28 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (411.15 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1115 mL | 20.5575 mL | 41.1150 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8223 mL | 4.1115 mL | 8.2230 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4112 mL | 2.0558 mL | 4.1115 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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