Cyclamic acid does not target a specific receptor but acts as a sweetener by binding to sweet taste receptors (T1R2/T1R3) on the tongue. The compound itself is the free acid form, while its sodium and calcium salts are used as non-nutritive sweeteners. The mechanism of sweetness perception involves activation of the sweet taste receptor, leading to signal transduction and the perception of sweetness.

In vitro, cyclamic acid is used as a sweetener and as a research chemical. It has been shown to be toxic to osteoblasts, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and reducing cell mineralization. This activity is related to the sodium salt of cyclamic acid and has implications for bone health research. The compound's effects on cell cultures have been characterized in various studies.

In vivo, cyclamic acid is used as a non-nutritive sweetener in foods and beverages. It is not metabolized in the body and is excreted unchanged in urine. The compound has been extensively studied for its safety, and its use as a sweetener is approved in many countries. In some countries, cyclamate has been banned due to concerns about its safety, although these concerns have been largely refuted.

For in vitro cell-based assays, cyclamic acid (or its sodium salt) is tested on osteoblast cell lines. Cells are treated with the compound at various concentrations (typically 0.1-10 mM) for 24-72 hours. Cell proliferation is assessed using MTT assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry. Cell mineralization is assessed by alizarin red staining. Gene expression of osteogenic markers is measured by qPCR.

For in vitro enzyme assays, cyclamic acid can be used as a substrate or inhibitor in studies of sulfamic acid metabolism. The compound is incubated with enzymes such as sulfamidase or other sulfatases. Enzyme activity is measured by monitoring substrate conversion using chromatographic or spectrophotometric methods.

For in vivo animal experiments, cyclamic acid is typically administered orally to rodents in drinking water or food. The compound is given at doses ranging from 10-1000 mg/kg daily for 1-12 weeks. Body weight, food intake, and blood biochemistry are monitored. Bone mineral density is measured by DEXA or micro-CT. Histopathological examination of tissues is performed to evaluate toxicity.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
…It was previously thought to be metabolically stable. When administered orally to guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, and humans on a diet free of cyclohexylamine, cyclohexylamine is mostly excreted unchanged. Cyclohexylamine…Cyclohexamine formed in the intestines is almost completely absorbed and excreted in the urine, while the absorption rate of cyclohexylamine is only 20-40%. Cyclohexylamine…(14)C-cyclohexylamine, administered intravenously in women undergoing therapeutic abortion via abdominal hysterectomy in early pregnancy, crosses the placenta and disperses in fetal tissues, particularly in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. …Maternal blood levels…decline rapidly…indicating very rapid elimination… The maximum daily excretion of cyclohexylamine…is 0.1% to 0.9% of the daily cyclohexylamine intake (5 g); after discontinuation, urinary excretion of cyclohexylamine is unstable and persists for 3-4 days. /Cyclohexylsulfamate/
For more complete data on the absorption, distribution, and excretion of cyclohexylsulfamate (6 types), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Metabolism/Metabolites
/Calcium/ Cyclohexylsulfamate labeled with (35)S or (14)C is excreted almost entirely in its unchanged form from the urine and feces of humans and experimental animals, although trace amounts of cyclohexylamine (0.7% dose) were found in the urine of humans and dogs after oral administration…
…Biotransformation in rats…is caused by the gut microbiota. When sodium cyclohexylsulfamate (SO) is administered for a long period, the gut microbiota of humans and animals acquires the ability to metabolize SO to cyclohexylamine. /Sodium Cyclohexylsulfamate/
In rodents, the gut microbes that convert SO to cyclohexylamine are Clostridium; in rabbits, Enterobacter; and in humans, Enterococcus. /Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate/
……Two groups of weaned rats were fed for 8 months…a diet or…a diet containing 0.1% sodium cyclohexylsulfamate…and then a single dose of (14)C-cyclohexylsulfamate was administered via gastric tube. ...7/11 Rats fed with cyclohexylamine converted cyclohexylamine to cyclohexylamine, accounting for 12-25% of the total (14)C in urine. Two of the urine samples contained trace amounts of dicyclohexylamine…
When guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, and humans consumed food containing calcium cyclohexylamine, they developed the ability to convert orally administered cyclohexylamine to cyclohexylamine and its metabolites.

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Biological half-life
……Intravenous injection of 14(C)-cyclohexylamine into pregnant rats…The half-life of cyclohexylamine is approximately 7 hours. Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate
Pharmacokinetic data for cyclamic acid indicate that it is not metabolized in the body and is excreted unchanged in urine. The compound has a molecular weight of 179.24 g/mol and formula C₆H₁₃NO₃S. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and has a half-life of several hours in humans. Its pharmacokinetics are well-characterized due to its use as a food additive.

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Drug Use During Lactation
After maternal ingestion, trace amounts of sodium cyclohexylsulfamate enter breast milk. However, some authors suggest that breastfeeding women should limit their intake of non-nutritive sweeteners, as their effects on nursing infants are unclear. ◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants
No published information found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breast Milk
No published information found as of the revision date.
Toxicological data for cyclamic acid have been extensively studied. The compound is generally recognized as safe at acceptable daily intake levels. However, it has been shown to be toxic to osteoblasts in vitro, inhibiting cell proliferation and mineralization. In some countries, cyclamate has been banned due to concerns about carcinogenicity, although these concerns have been largely refuted by subsequent studies.

Cyclohexylsulfamic acid (CYSSA) is a sulfamic acid compound with an N-cyclohexyl substituent. It is both a heterologous metabolite in humans and an environmental pollutant. Its function is related to sulfamic acid; it is the conjugate acid of CYSSA esters. CYSSA has been reported in Euglena gracilis, and relevant data are available. Salts and esters of CYSSA are also available. See also: Cyclohexylsulfamic acid esters (note moved here).
Cyclamic acid is a food additive and has not been approved for therapeutic use. It is also known as cyclamate, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, and N-cyclohexylsulfamic acid. Its molecular weight is 179.24, and its formula is C₆H₁₃NO₃S. The compound is used as a non-nutritive sweetener in foods and beverages and as an intermediate for its salts. It is available from various chemical suppliers.

C6H13NO3S

179.23732

179.062

100-88-9

Cyclamic acid sodium;139-05-9;Cyclamic Acid-d11;1215770-73-2

7533

Crystalline solid

1.32g/cm3

~180 °C (dec.)

1.529

2.183

2

4

2

11

200

0

O=S(O)(NC1CCCCC1)=O

HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C6H13NO3S/c8-11(9,10)7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6-7H,1-5H2,(H,8,9,10)

cyclohexylsulfamic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~557.91 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~557.91 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.95 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.95 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)