| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10g |
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| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Alpha-synuclein (α-SN) fibrillation. [1]
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Cuminaldehyde inhibited the fibrillation of α-SN in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition was confirmed by reduced Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence intensity and Congo red absorbance, indicating interference with β-sheet-rich fibril formation. [1]
Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that Cuminaldehyde prevented the formation of the characteristic β-sheet structure (negative peak at 218 nm) during α-SN incubation and induced a structural change with a negative peak around 208 nm, suggestive of an alternative conformation, possibly α-helical. [1] Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images demonstrated that Cuminaldehyde treatment resulted in the formation of small, dispersed particles distinct from the extended fibrillar structures observed in untreated samples. [1] Cuminaldehyde (at 1 mM) effectively inhibited α-SN fibrillation even in the presence of spermidine, a known fibrillation inducer, and its inhibitory effect was more pronounced than that of baicalein under these conditions. However, its inhibitory potency decreased with increasing α-SN concentration (from 20 to 80 µM). [1] Cuminaldehyde prevented the seeding effect of preformed α-SN fibrils, inhibiting the elongation phase of fibrillation. This was demonstrated using monobromobimane-labeled α-SN monomers added to preformed fibril seeds, where both fluorescence intensity and microscopy showed reduced incorporation of monomers into aggregates. [1] In contrast to baicalein, Cuminaldehyde showed a lower capacity to disaggregate preformed α-SN fibrils, as evidenced by lower levels of labeled protein in the supernatant and higher ThT fluorescence after treatment. [1] |
| Cell Assay |
Cytotoxicity of α-SN aggregates and the protective effect of Cuminaldehyde were assessed on rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. α-SN was incubated for different periods and added to cultured cells. The highest cell death occurred with α-SN incubated for 7 hours. When α-SN was co-incubated with Cuminaldehyde from the beginning, a significant decrease in cell death was observed in the MTT assay. [1]
Treatment of cells with Cuminaldehyde alone did not show toxic effects. [1] Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using a DCFH-DA probe. Adding α-SN fibrils pre-treated with Cuminaldehyde to cells reduced intracellular ROS levels compared to adding untreated fibrils alone. Treatment with Cuminaldehyde alone had no effect on basal ROS levels. [1] Flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/PI staining showed that exposure of PC12 cells to α-SN pre-incubated with Cuminaldehyde reduced the rate of early apoptosis compared to exposure to untreated α-SN aggregates. [1] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In the experiments conducted, cucurbitacin itself did not show cytotoxicity to PC12 cells. [1]
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Cuminaldehyde is a benzaldehyde compound with benzaldehyde replaced by isopropyl at the 4-position. It is a component of cumin essential oil and has insecticidal activity. It is both an insecticide and a volatile oil component and plant metabolite. It is derived from the hydrogen of isopropylbenzene.
It has been reported that 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde exists in Cyathocline purpurea, Gundelia tournefortii and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Paeonia lactiflora root (part). Cuminaldehyde is a natural aldehyde and a major component of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) essential oil. [1] Its mechanism of action is believed to be that the active aldehyde group in Cuminaldehyde may react with lysine residues (primary amines) on α-SN via a Schiff base reaction. FITC labeling efficiency assays supported this hypothesis, showing that FITC post-labeling of lysine residues was significantly reduced after pretreatment of α-synuclein (α-SN) with cucurnal, suggesting reduced availability of the amino group. [1] The inhibitory effect of cucurnal was compared with that of its structural analogues to cymene and limonene (lacking an aldehyde group). These compounds did not significantly inhibit α-SN fibrillation, highlighting the key role of the aldehyde group. [1] Cucurnal was also compared with the known inhibitor baicalin. Although both inhibited fibrillation, cucurnal exhibited different characteristics: it was more effective in inhibiting fibrillation in the presence of the inducer spermidine, but less effective in depolymerizing existing fibers. In addition, its inhibitory effect was more sensitive to α-SN concentration. [1] High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that no detectable structural changes occurred after 48 hours of incubation, indicating that it was stable under the experimental conditions. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H12O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
148.2017
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| Exact Mass |
148.088
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| CAS # |
122-03-2
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| PubChem CID |
326
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
236.1±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
235-236ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
93.3±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.537
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| LogP |
2.98
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
121
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
WTWBUQJHJGUZCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H12O/c1-8(2)10-5-3-9(7-11)4-6-10/h3-8H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
4-propan-2-ylbenzaldehyde
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~674.76 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7476 mL | 33.7382 mL | 67.4764 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3495 mL | 6.7476 mL | 13.4953 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6748 mL | 3.3738 mL | 6.7476 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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