| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Closantel targets multiple enzymes and pathways. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of filarial chitinases, such as Onchocerca chitinase (OvCHT1). It also inhibits the AMP transferase FICD. Additionally, it is an allosteric inhibitor of SPAK and OSRI. Its mechanism of action in parasites involves the inhibition of fumarate reductase, a key enzyme involved in fumarate synthesis.
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| ln Vitro |
When compared to protozoan and human chitinases, as well as human chitinase, the well-known anthelmintic medication Closantel is extremely selective for chitinases of the filarial family [1].
In vitro, Closantel is a potent inhibitor of Onchocerca chitinase with an IC50 of 1.6 µM and a Ki of 468 nM. It inhibits FICD-mediated BiP/GRP78 AMPylation in intact cells. It is highly specific for filarial family chitinases compared to those from protozoans and the human chitinase, human chitotriosidase. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Closantel (7.5 mg/kg) in combination with a broad-spectrum anthelmintic shows moderate efficacy against caprine Trichostrongylus spp, but is highly effective against Haemonchus contortus. It is effective against liver fluke, bloodsucking nematodes, and larval stages of some arthropods in sheep and cattle.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Closantel is evaluated in cell-free enzymatic assays using purified chitinase or FICD enzymes. The compound is incubated with the enzyme and a substrate, and the inhibition of enzyme activity is measured. IC50 and Ki values are determined to quantify the potency of inhibition.
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| Cell Assay |
Closantel is assessed in cell-based assays to study its effects on parasite viability and enzyme inhibition. Parasite cultures are treated with Closantel, and the inhibition of growth and viability is measured. Its effects on FICD-mediated AMPylation are evaluated in intact cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
Closantel is administered orally or by injection in animal models to evaluate its anthelmintic efficacy. It is effective against Haemonchus contortus and other parasites in sheep and cattle. Efficacy is assessed by measuring parasite load reduction and fecal egg counts. It is used in veterinary medicine.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Closantel has a molecular weight of 663.07 and a molecular formula of C22H14Cl2I2N2O2. It has a CAS number of 57808-65-8. The compound is a white to light yellow powder. It is soluble in DMSO at ≥49 mg/mL. It should be stored under recommended conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Closantel is a veterinary anthelmintic and is not intended for human therapeutic use. No detailed toxicity data is available for this compound beyond its veterinary applications. It has been used for over thirty years in veterinary medicine.
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| References |
[1]. Amanda L Garner, et al. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of closantel analogues: structural promiscuity and its impact on Onchocerca volvulus. J Med Chem. 2011 Jun 9;54(11):3963-72.
[2]. Amanda L Garner, et al. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of closantel analogues: structural promiscuity and its impact on Onchocerca volvulus. J Med Chem. 2011 Jun 9;54(11):3963-72. |
| Additional Infomation |
N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide is an aromatic amide formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline, where the 2, 4, and 5 positions of aniline are substituted with methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups, respectively. It is a nitrile and belongs to the phenolic class, organoiodine class, monocarboxylic acid amide, aromatic amide, and monochlorobenzene class of compounds.
Closantel is a salicylanilide compound with narrow-spectrum anthelmintic actions. It is effective against certain roundworms, flukes, and myiases but is not effective against tapeworms or most external parasites. It is also known as FICD inhibitor C22. It is not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H14N2O2CL2I2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
663.07276
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| Exact Mass |
661.852
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| CAS # |
57808-65-8
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| Related CAS # |
Closantel sodium;61438-64-0;Closantel-13C6;1325559-20-3
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| PubChem CID |
42574
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
590.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
210 - 22ºC
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| Flash Point |
310.9±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.736
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| LogP |
9.08
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
652
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(NC1=CC(Cl)=C(C(C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)C#N)C=C1C)C3=CC(I)=CC(I)=C3O
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| InChi Key |
JMPFSEBWVLAJKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H14Cl2I2N2O2/c1-11-6-15(17(10-27)12-2-4-13(23)5-3-12)18(24)9-20(11)28-22(30)16-7-14(25)8-19(26)21(16)29/h2-9,17,29H,1H3,(H,28,30)
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| Chemical Name |
N-[5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)-cyanomethyl]-2-methylphenyl]-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 49 mg/mL (~73.90 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.77 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.77 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5081 mL | 7.5407 mL | 15.0814 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3016 mL | 1.5081 mL | 3.0163 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1508 mL | 0.7541 mL | 1.5081 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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