Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Sprague-Dawley (CD, Crl (SD)Br) rats (half male, half female) were administered 3, 5, or 900 mg/kg of methylene 14C-labeled FMC 57020 (2[(2'-chlorophenyl)-14C-methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone; radiopurity: 99.8%; specific activity: 26.81 mCi/mmol) by gavage. In Study A, two male and two female rats per group were administered 5 mg/kg of the test substance by gavage, and exhaled breath was collected for up to 24 hours. In the remaining studies, five male and five female animals were used per group. In Studies B and C, animals were administered 5 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg of the test substance by single gavage, respectively. In Study D, each animal was intravenously injected with 3 mg/kg of the test substance. In Study E, animals received 14 doses of unlabeled FMC 57020 (purity: 99.0%) once daily for two consecutive weeks. In Studies B, C, D, and E, urine and fecal samples were collected regularly for seven consecutive days. After seven days, the animals were euthanized, and radioactivity in the tissues was measured. The amount of radiolabeled CO2 excreted was less than 0.01% of the recovered dose. The primary route of excretion was urine, with the radioactive material content in urine ranging from 63.4% to 82.9% of the administered dose. The amount recovered in feces ranged from 15.1% to 38.7% of the administered dose. Seven days after administration, the total residual amount in tissues and carcasses ranged from 0.08% to 0.17% of the administered dose. The dosage or frequency of administration did not affect excretion.

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Metabolism/Metabolites
Four Sprague-Dawley rats (half male and half female) were orally administered a single 50 mg/kg dose of a mixture of methylene-14C FMC 57020 (specific activity: 26.85 mCi/mmol, radiochemical purity: 99.3%) and carbonyl-14C FMC 57020 (specific activity: 27.98 mCi/mmol, radiochemical purity: 99.3%). Radiolabeled compounds were recovered from urine and fecal samples and analyzed… to identify various metabolites of the test substance. A total of 12 metabolites were recovered and identified. Hydroxylation of the phenyl and/or isoxazolidinone rings was the most common structural modification of the parent compound, and evidence of some glucuronide and sulfate binding was observed.

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In Experiment 1 (Soil 1, high organic matter content), the half-life (t1/2) of chlorazion was 88.8 days in soil without fungal addition and 82.5 days in soil with Trichoderma harzianum T-22. The addition of the fungal preparation shortened the half-life by 6.3 days (7.1%). [1]
In Experiment 2 (Soil 2, low organic matter content), the half-life of chlorazion was 72.9 days in control soil and 54.6 days in soil with Trichoderma harzianum. The addition of the fungal preparation shortened the half-life by 18.4 days (25.1%). [1]
The typical laboratory half-life of chlorazion at 20°C is 22.6 days (range 6.3–145.7 days), and its field half-life is 27.3 days (range 9.3–195 days). [1]
In soils with high organic matter content (Experiment 1), the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos residues in soils containing Trichoderma harzianum increased by 24.2% compared to the control sample. In soils with low organic matter content (Experiment 2), the maximum degradation rate increased by 16.1%. [1]

Toxicity Summary
Chloramphenicol can induce oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in human erythrocytes (in vitro experiments), suggesting that reactive oxygen species play a role in the toxic mechanism of chloramphenicol in humans. (A15208) Toxicity Data
LC50 (rat) = 4,800 mg/m3/4h Non-human Toxicity Values Oral LD50 in rats: 1369 mg/kg (female) Oral LD50 in rats: 2077 mg/kg (male) Dermal LD50 in rabbits: >2000 mg/kg Inhalation LC50 in rats: 4.8 mg/L/4 hr Chloramphenicol has been described as highly toxic to humans. [1]

[1]. Influence of a Commercial Biological Fungicide ContainingTrichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 on Dissipation Kinetics and Degradation of Five Herbicides in Two Types of Soil. Molecules. 2020 Mar 18;25(6):1391.

Clomazone is an isoxazolidinone compound with the structure 1,2-oxazolidin-3-one, substituted with 2-chlorobenzyl at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 4. It is an environmental pollutant, exogenous substance, herbicide, agrochemical and carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor. It belongs to the monochlorobenzene class and the isoxazolidinone class. Clomazone is a white solid compound, an agricultural herbicide and the active ingredient in many products. Its molecular structure is 2-chlorobenzyl linked to a NO heterocycle called isoxazol. Clomazone is a non-persistent, moderately mobile herbicide belonging to the isoxazolidinone class. [1] The dissipation of Clomazone in soil follows (pseudo) first-order kinetics. [1] Its degradation in soil is affected by a variety of factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, the presence of oxygen, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and the presence of microorganisms such as Trichoderma harzianum. [1]
Studies have found that commercial biofungicides containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 can affect the dissipation kinetics and degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil, potentially reducing its environmental persistence. [1]
The GC-MS method used in this study did not detect chlorpyrifos metabolites in the soil samples. [1]

C12H14CLNO2

239.699

239.071

81777-89-1

54778

White to off-white solid powder

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

317.6±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg

25°C

145.9±28.4 °C

0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C

1.551

2.17

0

2

2

16

280

0

KIEDNEWSYUYDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C12H14ClNO2/c1-12(2)8-16-14(11(12)15)7-9-5-3-4-6-10(9)13/h3-6H,7-8H2,1-2H3

2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one

Clomazone FMC 57020 Dimethazone Magister Command Gamit

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~417.19 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)