Toxicity Summary
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 3-Hexenol is a colorless liquid. It has a strong, fresh-cut grass odor and a fresh green, fruity taste. It is released to the air from a variety of plants including grass, clover, alfalfa, grapes, onions, peaches and oak trees. It is present in the green parts of nearly all plants. It is reported to be found in several essential oils and in many fruit juices and is a component of tobacco smoke. 3-Hexenol is used as a fragrance in perfumes, household cleaners, and food flavoring. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Tested at 4% in petrolatum, 3-hexenol produced no irritation after a 48 hour closed patch test in humans. Odorization of inert gas can serve to warn workers in an enclosed space. A psychophysical investigation examined 3-hexenol as a candidate for the possible odorization of argon. The detection threshold for 3-hexenol in argon was 19 ppb. 3-Hexenol did not induce any statistically significant increases in the frequency of human lymphocytes with chromosome aberrations in either the absence or presence of a liver enzyme metabolizing system. ANIMAL STUDIES: The LD50 of 3-hexenol in rats and mice was in the range of 7-10 g/kg by the oral route and 0.4-0.6 g/kg by the intraperitoneal route. No effects were seen at 310 and 1250 ppm, but in males of the 5000-ppm group the intake of drinking water was reduced compared with controls, the relative kidney weight was increased and the urine collected in the first 2 hr after a water load was more concentrated. In females, the only finding was a transitory anemia at this level. In another study, 3-hexanol applied at full strength to rabbit skin for 24 hours produced no irritation. In rats, an analysis of Fos protein was performed as a way of investigating the effects of inhalation of green odor (a mixture of of trans-2-hexenal and 3-hexenol) on the neuronal activations in stress-related forebrain regions induced by acute and repeated stress. Green odor had inhibitory effects on the stress-induced corticosterone response, body-weight loss, and adrenal hypertrophy. In another study, the reproductive toxicity via the oral route was assessed in rats at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day. Based on the results of the study, a NOAEL for general toxicity in males and females was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose level tested. The potential mutagenicity of 3-hexenol on the thymidine kinase, TK +/-, locus of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line was assessed. 3-Hexenol did not induce any toxicologically significant increases in the mutant frequency at the TK +/- locus in L5178Y cells and is therefore considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of the test.

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Rabbit dermal >5 g/kg
LD50 Rat oral 4.7 g/kg
LD50 Rat ip 600 mg/kg
LD50 Mice oral 7000 mg/kg
LD50 Mice ip 400 mg/kg

[1]. Genetic variation in the odorant receptor OR2J3 is associated with the ability to detect the "grassy" smelling odor, cis-3-hexen-1-ol. Chem Senses. 2012 Sep;37(7):585-93.

[2]. Spatial differences in (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol production preferentially reduces Spodoptera litura larva attack on the young leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Sci. 2016 Nov;252:367-373.

(Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol is a hex-3-en-1-ol in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. Also known as leaf alcohol, it is emitted by green plants upon mechanical damage. Used as a flavourant in tea. It has a role as an insect attractant, a plant metabolite and a fragrance.
cis-3-Hexen-1-ol has been reported in Camellia sinensis, Perilla frutescens, and other organisms with data available.
cis-3-hexen-1-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

C6H12O

100.15888

100.088

928-96-1

5281167

Colorless to off-white liquid

0.848

156-157 ºC

-60ºC

44 ºC

1.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C

1.438-1.441

1.61

1

1

3

7

48.1

0

C(/CCO)=C/CC

UFLHIIWVXFIJGU-ARJAWSKDSA-N

InChI=1S/C6H12O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7/h3-4,7H,2,5-6H2,1H3/b4-3-

(Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~998.40 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.96 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.96 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.96 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)