| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Cinnamyl alcohol (0.1-10 μg/mL) did not affect 3T3-L1 cell viability; at 100 μg/mL it significantly inhibited cell viability (Fig. 2).
At 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, cinnamyl alcohol significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in MDI-induced 3T3-L1 cells: 5 μg/mL gave 70.27±1.50% of response in MDI alone-treated state (P<0.005); 10 μg/mL gave 28.94±1.76% (P<0.005) (Fig. 3A, 3B). Cinnamyl alcohol at 5 and 10 μg/mL attenuated the MDI-increased expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, and FAS proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as shown by Western blot. At 10 μg/mL, expression levels were: PPARγ 0.03±0.01%; C/EBPα 0.59±0.24%; SREBP-1c 17.31±5.48%; FAS 4.22±1.40% of MDI alone-treated condition (n=4). At 1 μg/mL, cinnamyl alcohol significantly decreased PPARγ (68.55±0.80%), C/EBPα (71.10±6.91%), FAS (76.06±4.18%) but did not affect SREBP-1c expression. At 0.1 μg/mL, it only attenuated PPARγ expression (71.91±1.04%) (Fig. 4). [1] |
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay: 3T3-L1 cells were cultured in 96-well plates (1×10^3 cells/mL/well) with DMEM containing 10% newborn calf serum for 48 h, then incubated in fresh DMEM with 10% newborn calf serum for another 48 h. Cells were then incubated for 8 days in DMEM with 10% FBS and test samples (cinnamyl alcohol 0.1-100 μg/mL), with medium changed 4 times at 48 h intervals. 10 μL of EZ-CyTox reagent was added to each well, incubated for 30 min at 37°C, and absorbance was measured at 450 nm using an ELISA reader. [1]
Adipocyte differentiation and Oil Red O staining: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in DMEM with 10% newborn calf serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin in 5% CO2 at 37°C to 80-90% confluence. Two days later (day 0), differentiation was induced by culturing in differentiation medium containing 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 μM dexamethasone, and 5 μg/mL insulin (MDI) in DMEM with 10% FBS for 2 days (day 2). Cells were then maintained in DMEM with 10% FBS and 5 μg/mL insulin for another 2 days (day 4), followed by culturing with DMEM containing 10% FBS for an additional 4 days (day 8). Cinnamyl alcohol (0.1-10 μg/mL) was added throughout the entire culture period (day 0 to day 8). On day 8, cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 60 min, washed with distilled water, stained with 0.5% Oil red O dye (diluted 3:2 with water, filtered) for 30 min at RT, rinsed, and photographed. For quantification, stained lipid droplets were dissolved in isopropanol and absorbance measured at 520 nm. [1] Western blot analysis: Cells were lysed using RIPA buffer with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. 30 μg protein from cell lysates was separated by electrophoresis on 8-10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and transferred onto PVDF membranes. Membranes were blocked in PBS buffer containing 3% nonfat dry milk for 2 h, then probed overnight with primary antibodies against PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, FAS, and β-actin, followed by incubation with secondary antibody for 1 h 30 min. Protein bands were visualized using a chemiluminescent substrate and imaged with a chemiluminescence imaging system. [1] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Cinnamyl alcohol is absorbed through the skin at a rate of 66% and has been shown to be rapidly absorbed by the intestines. It is primarily metabolized and excreted in the urine, with a small amount excreted in the feces. Following oral or intraperitoneal injection of cinnamyl alcohol in rats and mice, 76-77% of the dose was recovered in urine and feces within 24 hours. Following administration of a neutral extract to rats, cinnamyl alcohol was excreted unchanged. Metabolism/Metabolites Typically, esters containing aromatic ring systems are expected to hydrolyze in vivo. Cinnamyl alcohol is hydrolyzed to form [DB14184]. Acidic and neutral urinary metabolites of cinnamyl alcohol were identified via a common metabolic pathway. Cinnamyl alcohol is a known human metabolite of β-methylstyrene. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Cinnamyl alcohol at concentrations of 0.1-10 μg/mL did not affect 3T3-L1 cell viability (Fig. 2). At 100 μg/mL, it significantly inhibited 3T3-L1 cell viability (P<0.005 vs. quiescent state). No other toxicity data (LD50, hepatotoxicity, drug-drug interactions, protein binding) were reported. [1]
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Cinnamyl alcohol is a primary alcohol with an allyl core, a hydroxyl substituent at the 1-position, and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (the geometry of the C=C bond is not defined). It is a plant metabolite. Cinnamyl alcohol is a natural compound found in cinnamon. Due to its low abundance in cinnamon, it is commonly found in commercial products as [DB14184]. Studies have shown that cinnamyl alcohol is a skin sensitizer with a no-effect concentration (NOEL) of approximately 4%. Sensitivity to cinnamyl alcohol can be identified through clinical patch testing. Cinnamyl alcohol is a standardized chemical allergen. The physiological effects of cinnamyl alcohol are achieved through increased histamine release and cell-mediated immunity. Cinnamyl alcohol has been reported in Rhodiola rosea, Sophora flavescens, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Cinnamon (partial); Chinese cinnamon (partial); Cinnamon twig (partial).
Drug Indications Cinnamyl alcohol has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in allergic skin patch testing, which is indicated for the auxiliary diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in individuals aged 6 years and older. Cinnamyl alcohol was identified as the main bioactive component of CCDF absolute (chestnut flower absolute) based on GC/MS analysis. CCDF absolute contained 10 compounds; cinnamyl alcohol comprised 1.7% of the absolute. Among the 10 compounds, only cinnamyl alcohol inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. The study provides first evidence that cinnamyl alcohol and CCDF absolute might arrest adipocyte differentiation, probably via inhibiting adipogenic transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα, and suppressing SREBP-1c and FAS, suggesting potential use for prevention or treatment of obesity. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H10O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
134.1751
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| Exact Mass |
134.073
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| CAS # |
104-54-1
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| PubChem CID |
5315892
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow <30°C powder,>33°C liquid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
250.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
33 °C
; 33 °C
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| Flash Point |
124.8±14.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.599
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| LogP |
1.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
101
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/CO
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| InChi Key |
OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H10O/c10-8-4-7-9-5-2-1-3-6-9/h1-7,10H,8H2/b7-4+
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| Chemical Name |
(E)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~1863.17 mM)
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~745.27 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (46.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 62.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (46.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 62.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (46.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.4527 mL | 37.2634 mL | 74.5268 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4905 mL | 7.4527 mL | 14.9054 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7453 mL | 3.7263 mL | 7.4527 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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