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| Targets |
Chrysanthemin inhibits the enzymatic activity of CD38. It functions as a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The compound acts as a regulator of gene expression and signal transduction pathways. It interacts with cellular components, binding to proteins and nucleic acids. It also has antitumor effects, mediated via apoptosis induction and the caspase signaling pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
In 3T3L1 cells infected with 4 MOI Ad36, kuromanin chloride (5 μg/mL) decreases the expression of the Ad36 E1A viral gene[1]. Kuromanin chloride (30 and 100 μM, 30 minutes) inhibits the enzymatic activity of CD38 and replenishes chronic CD38+ CLL cells. Kuromanin chloride (100 μM, 24 hours) protects cerebellar granule neuron relays Nitric oxide (NO) sensors. Chronic lymphocyte (CLL) chemotaxis (based on fluorescence of NGD-generated cGDPR). Determination][3].
In vitro, Chrysanthemin inhibits the enzymatic activity of CD38. It is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The compound has been shown to have antitumor effects in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells, mediated via apoptosis induction, caspase signaling pathway, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. It modulates cellular signaling and gene expression. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Chrysanthemin has been studied for its effects on blood sugar concentration and lipid metabolism balance to reduce obesity. It is used in animal models to study oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic pathways. The compound's neuroprotective properties have also been noted.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Chrysanthemin typically measure its antioxidant activity using assays such as DPPH, ABTS, or FRAP. Its inhibition of CD38 enzymatic activity is assessed by incubating the enzyme with a substrate in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound. Antitumor effects are evaluated using cancer cell lines.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Chrysanthemin are performed using cancer cell lines (e.g., PC-3 human prostate cancer cells). Cells are treated with the compound, and cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Apoptosis is measured by Annexin V staining, caspase activity assays, or by assessing mitochondrial membrane potential.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Chrysanthemin are conducted in models of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. The compound is typically administered orally or intraperitoneally. Endpoints include markers of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic parameters such as blood glucose and lipid levels.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Chrysanthemin are limited. Its molecular weight is 484.84 g/mol. The compound is a glycosylated anthocyanin, which may affect its absorption and bioavailability. For research use, it is typically dissolved in DMSO or water. Its half-life and metabolic profile have not been extensively characterized.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Chrysanthemin are limited. It is a natural compound and is generally considered safe. No significant adverse effects have been reported at the doses used in research studies. The compound should be handled with standard laboratory safety precautions.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Anthocyanin-3-O-β-D-glucoside is an anthocyanin cation formed by the linkage of an anthocyanin cation and a β-D-glucose group at the 3-position. It is a metabolite. It is both an anthocyanin cation and a β-D-glucoside and monosaccharide derivative. Functionally, it is related to the anthocyanin cation. It is the conjugate acid of anthocyanin-3-O-β-D-glucoside betaine. Curomanin has been reported in hawthorn (Acer crataegifolium), tea (Camellia sinensis), and other organisms with relevant data.
Chrysanthemin (Kuromanin chloride) is a potent anthocyanin antioxidant with a wide range of biological activities. It inhibits CD38 enzymatic activity and has antitumor effects. The compound is used in research to study oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic pathways. It is not approved for clinical use and is intended for laboratory research only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H21CLO11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
484.8378
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| Exact Mass |
484.077
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| CAS # |
7084-24-4
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| PubChem CID |
441667
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
623
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
RKWHWFONKJEUEF-GQUPQBGVSA-O
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H20O11/c22-7-16-17(27)18(28)19(29)21(32-16)31-15-6-10-12(25)4-9(23)5-14(10)30-20(15)8-1-2-11(24)13(26)3-8/h1-6,16-19,21-22,27-29H,7H2,(H3-,23,24,25,26)/p+1/t16-,17-,18+,19-,21-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~51.56 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0625 mL | 10.3127 mL | 20.6254 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4125 mL | 2.0625 mL | 4.1251 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2063 mL | 1.0313 mL | 2.0625 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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