| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Chloramphenicol palmitate targets the bacterial ribosome. As a prodrug, it is converted to chloramphenicol, which inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by blocking the peptidyl transferase step on the 50S ribosomal subunit. This broad-spectrum activity is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as rickettsiae.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, chloramphenicol palmitate itself is not active as an antibiotic; it requires hydrolysis to chloramphenicol. Its activity is assessed by measuring the release of chloramphenicol in vitro or by testing its antibacterial activity after incubation with esterases. The parent drug, chloramphenicol, exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, chloramphenicol palmitate is administered orally and is hydrolyzed in the small intestine to release chloramphenicol. This prodrug approach improves the oral bioavailability and palatability of chloramphenicol, making it suitable for pediatric use. It has been used in the treatment of severe bacterial infections, including typhoid fever and meningitis.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The activity of chloramphenicol palmitate is assessed by measuring its conversion to chloramphenicol in vitro. This can be done using simulated intestinal fluid or by incubating the compound with esterases. The released chloramphenicol is then quantified by HPLC or LC-MS/MS. Its antibacterial activity is confirmed by testing the released chloramphenicol against susceptible bacterial strains.
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| Cell Assay |
The cellular activity of chloramphenicol palmitate is evaluated in bacterial cultures. The compound is added to bacterial growth media, and its effect on bacterial growth is measured. However, because it is a prodrug, its activity in bacterial cultures may be limited unless esterases are present to hydrolyze it to the active form, chloramphenicol.
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| Animal Protocol |
In animal studies, chloramphenicol palmitate is typically administered orally to models of bacterial infection. Its effect on bacterial clearance, survival, and infection-related pathology is assessed. Its pharmacokinetic properties, including its conversion to chloramphenicol and its tissue distribution, are also studied.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Chloramphenicol palmitate has a molecular weight of 533.52 g/mol and a chemical formula of C27H42Cl2O6. It is a long-chain fatty acid ester that is more lipophilic than chloramphenicol, which enhances its oral absorption. It is typically stored as a powder at room temperature. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are available from clinical studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of chloramphenicol palmitate is derived from its active metabolite, chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol is associated with serious adverse effects, including bone marrow suppression (which can be irreversible) and gray baby syndrome in neonates. Its use requires careful monitoring of blood counts.
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| Additional Infomation |
Chloramphenicol palmitate is a hexadecanoate ester. It is functionally related to Chloramphenicol.
See also: Chloramphenicol (with active moiety). Chloramphenicol palmitate (CAS: 530-43-8) is a prodrug formulation of the broad-spectrum antibiotic chloramphenicol. It was designed to overcome the bitter taste of chloramphenicol and to improve its oral bioavailability, particularly for pediatric use. It has been used in the treatment of serious infections, including typhoid fever and meningitis. It is an example of a prodrug strategy to improve the pharmaceutical properties of an active drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H42CL2N2O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
561.54
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| Exact Mass |
560.242
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| CAS # |
530-43-8
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| Related CAS # |
Chloramphenicol;56-75-7
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| PubChem CID |
443382
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
691.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
90ºC
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| Flash Point |
372.1±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.526
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| LogP |
9.04
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
21
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| Heavy Atom Count |
37
|
| Complexity |
639
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(OC[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1)O)NC(C(Cl)Cl)=O)=O
|
| InChi Key |
PXKHGMGELZGJQE-ILBGXUMGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H42Cl2N2O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-24(32)37-20-23(30-27(34)26(28)29)25(33)21-16-18-22(19-17-21)31(35)36/h16-19,23,25-26,33H,2-15,20H2,1H3,(H,30,34)/t23-,25-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3R)-2-[(2,2-dichloroacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propyl] hexadecanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~178.08 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.45 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7808 mL | 8.9041 mL | 17.8082 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3562 mL | 1.7808 mL | 3.5616 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1781 mL | 0.8904 mL | 1.7808 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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