| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| ln Vitro |
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) represent a class of natural polymers that not only have physical and chemical properties such as water solubility and low viscosity, but also have good pharmacological properties, including good pharmacokinetics and safety and a variety of beneficial biological properties. active and has therapeutic promise for a range of illnesses. Activation of AMPK and suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways (including NF-κB and MAPK pathways) are regarded to be the key mechanisms underlying the numerous effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic actions. COS can stop many phases of cancer growth by regulating multiple signaling proteins/pathways, including NF-κB, AMPK, mTOR, caspase-3, CD147, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF. In vitro investigations have demonstrated that chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) can trigger mortality in a range of cancer cell types, including ascites, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer. The IC50 value of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)-induced cytotoxicity is 25 μg/mL-50 μg/mL, depending on the cancer cell type [1].
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| ln Vivo |
In lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice, the oral treatment of chitosan oligosaccharide (16 mg/kg/day) reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines involved in allergic reactions (i.e., IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α). In a rat model of autoimmune anterior uveitis brought on by immunization with bovine melanin-related antigen, the anti-inflammatory impact of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on lymphocyte activation has finally been reported [1]. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) prevents the macroscopic appearance of mouse skin caused by UV light. There are a few superficial creases when compared to the smooth, hairless mice in the normal control group that had healthy back skin. Following ten weeks of UV exposure, the model's skin showed signs of erythema, dryness, thickening, drooping, and coarse wrinkles. It even took on a faintly wrinkled, leather-like appearance. It has been demonstrated that UV radiation causes photoaging of the skin surface because the visual scores of mice with flesh-colored lesions were considerably higher (p<0.05) than those of the normal control group [2].
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosamine is a beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.
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| Molecular Formula |
C12H24N2O9
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
340.32696
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| Exact Mass |
340.148
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| CAS # |
148411-57-8
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| PubChem CID |
16213812
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
-5.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
390
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)N)O)CO)N)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
QLTSDROPCWIKKY-PMCTYKHCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H24N2O9/c13-5-9(19)10(4(2-16)21-11(5)20)23-12-6(14)8(18)7(17)3(1-15)22-12/h3-12,15-20H,1-2,13-14H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-amino-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9383 mL | 14.6916 mL | 29.3832 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5877 mL | 2.9383 mL | 5.8766 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2938 mL | 1.4692 mL | 2.9383 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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