| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Chitosan oligosaccharide activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and inhibits inflammatory signaling pathways including NF-κB and MAPK pathways. These are considered the key mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic actions. It also modulates multiple signaling proteins including mTOR, CD147, caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF.
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| ln Vitro |
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) represent a class of natural polymers that not only have physical and chemical properties such as water solubility and low viscosity, but also have good pharmacological properties, including good pharmacokinetics and safety and a variety of beneficial biological properties. active and has therapeutic promise for a range of illnesses. Activation of AMPK and suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways (including NF-κB and MAPK pathways) are regarded to be the key mechanisms underlying the numerous effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic actions. COS can stop many phases of cancer growth by regulating multiple signaling proteins/pathways, including NF-κB, AMPK, mTOR, caspase-3, CD147, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF. In vitro investigations have demonstrated that chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) can trigger mortality in a range of cancer cell types, including ascites, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer. The IC50 value of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)-induced cytotoxicity is 25 μg/mL-50 μg/mL, depending on the cancer cell type [1].
Chitosan oligosaccharide induces death in several cancer cell types including ascites, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer. The IC50 value for COS-induced cytotoxicity is 25–50 μg/mL, depending on the cancer cell type. It activates AMPK and inhibits NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways. |
| ln Vivo |
In lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice, the oral treatment of chitosan oligosaccharide (16 mg/kg/day) reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines involved in allergic reactions (i.e., IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α). In a rat model of autoimmune anterior uveitis brought on by immunization with bovine melanin-related antigen, the anti-inflammatory impact of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on lymphocyte activation has finally been reported [1]. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) prevents the macroscopic appearance of mouse skin caused by UV light. There are a few superficial creases when compared to the smooth, hairless mice in the normal control group that had healthy back skin. Following ten weeks of UV exposure, the model's skin showed signs of erythema, dryness, thickening, drooping, and coarse wrinkles. It even took on a faintly wrinkled, leather-like appearance. It has been demonstrated that UV radiation causes photoaging of the skin surface because the visual scores of mice with flesh-colored lesions were considerably higher (p<0.05) than those of the normal control group [2].
Oral administration of chitosan oligosaccharide (16 mg/kg/day) suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in allergic reactions, including IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α, in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice. In a rat model of autoimmune anterior uveitis, COS demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects on lymphocyte activation. It also prevents UV-induced skin photoaging in mice. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro assays, cancer cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with chitosan oligosaccharide at various concentrations (typically 25–50 μg/mL). Cell viability is assessed by MTT, CCK-8, or trypan blue exclusion assays. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. AMPK activation is measured by Western blot for phosphorylated AMPK. NF-κB and MAPK pathway inhibition is assessed by Western blot or reporter gene assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are performed using various cancer cell lines including ascites, bladder, prostate, lung, liver, leukemia, cervical, and colorectal cancer cells. Cells are treated with chitosan oligosaccharide at concentrations ranging from 25 to 50 μg/mL. Cell proliferation is assessed by MTT or SRB assay. Apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI staining) or caspase-3 activity assays. Signaling pathway modulation is assessed by Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
In mouse models of allergic inflammation, chitosan oligosaccharide is administered orally at 16 mg/kg/day. Cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α) in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are measured by ELISA or multiplex assays. In UV-induced skin photoaging models, mice are exposed to UV radiation and treated with COS, with skin appearance scored and histological analysis performed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Chitosan oligosaccharide has good water solubility and low viscosity, which contribute to favorable pharmacokinetics. As an oligomer of D-glucosamine, it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to various tissues. The compound is metabolized through enzymatic degradation and excreted primarily via renal clearance.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Chitosan oligosaccharide has demonstrated good safety in preclinical studies. At the effective dose of 16 mg/kg/day in mice, no significant toxicity was reported. The compound is well-tolerated and shows a favorable safety profile for research applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
β-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-β-D-glucosyl is a β-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-glucosyl with a β configuration at the anomeric carbon center at the reducing end.
Chitosan oligosaccharide is an oligomer of D-glucosamine that activates AMPK and inhibits NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic activities and induces death in multiple cancer cell types with IC50 values of 25–50 μg/mL. It suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines in allergic inflammation models. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H24N2O9
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
340.32696
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| Exact Mass |
340.148
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| CAS # |
148411-57-8
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| PubChem CID |
16213812
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
-5.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
390
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)N)O)CO)N)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
QLTSDROPCWIKKY-PMCTYKHCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H24N2O9/c13-5-9(19)10(4(2-16)21-11(5)20)23-12-6(14)8(18)7(17)3(1-15)22-12/h3-12,15-20H,1-2,13-14H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-amino-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9383 mL | 14.6916 mL | 29.3832 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5877 mL | 2.9383 mL | 5.8766 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2938 mL | 1.4692 mL | 2.9383 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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