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Chicoric Acid

Cat No.:V11845 Purity: ≥98%
L-Chicoric Acid ((-)-Chicoric acid) is a dicaffeoyl tartaric acid, a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 integrase) with IC50 of about 100 nM.
Chicoric Acid
Chicoric Acid Chemical Structure CAS No.: 70831-56-0
Product category: Endogenous Metabolite
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Other Forms of Chicoric Acid:

  • Cichoric Acid
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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products
Product Description
L-Chicoric Acid ((-)-Chicoric acid) is a dicaffeoyl tartaric acid, a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 integrase) with IC50 of about 100 nM. L-Chicoric Acid also inhibits HIV-1 replication in tissue culture.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
At concentrations between 500 nM and 10 μM, L-chocoric acid inhibits integration; however, at values more than 1 μM, it also inhibits entrance. Viral entrance is considerably impacted by L-chichoric acid at doses of 5 μM or above. A decrease in integrated provirus and a rise in the DNA to cDNA ratio of the two LTR circles indicated that L-chichoric acid also impeded integration. About 500 nM is the EC50 of L-chichoric acid against HIV, and this quantity does not prevent HIV from infecting H9 cells [1]. L-chichoric acid had an ED50 of 400 nM against the HIVNL4-3 control virus, but it was completely ineffective against HIVNL4-3 passaged in the presence of 8 μM of this molecule [2].
References

[1]. L-chicoric acid inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration in vivo and is a noncompetitive but reversible inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase in vitro. Virology. 2004 Sep 1;326(2):203-19.

[2]. Resistance to the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 compound L-chicoric acid results from a single mutation at amino acid 140 of integrase. J Virol. 1998 Oct;72(10):8420-4.

[3]. Robinson WE Jr. L-chicoric acid, an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase, improves on the in vitro anti-HIV-1 effect of a protease inhibitor (AG1350). Antiviral Res. 1998 Aug;39(2):101-11.

Additional Infomation
Chicoric acid is an organooxygen compound. It has a role as a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is functionally related to a tetracarboxylic acid.
Chicoric acid has been reported in Camellia sinensis, Hydrastis canadensis, and other organisms with data available.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C22H18O12
Molecular Weight
474.3711
Exact Mass
474.079
CAS #
70831-56-0
Related CAS #
Chicoric acid;6537-80-0
PubChem CID
5281764
Appearance
White to off-white solid powder
Density
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point
785.0±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point
206 °C
Flash Point
272.9±26.4 °C
Vapour Pressure
0.0±2.9 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction
1.726
LogP
3.81
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
12
Rotatable Bond Count
11
Heavy Atom Count
34
Complexity
740
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
2
SMILES
C1=CC(=C(C=C1/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H](C(=O)O)[C@@H](OC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)C(=O)O)O)O
InChi Key
YDDGKXBLOXEEMN-IABMMNSOSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C22H18O12/c23-13-5-1-11(9-15(13)25)3-7-17(27)33-19(21(29)30)20(22(31)32)34-18(28)8-4-12-2-6-14(24)16(26)10-12/h1-10,19-20,23-26H,(H,29,30)(H,31,32)/b7-3+,8-4+/t19-,20-/m1/s1
Chemical Name
(2R,3R)-2,3-bis[[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy]butanedioic acid
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~210.81 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.


 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.1081 mL 10.5403 mL 21.0806 mL
5 mM 0.4216 mL 2.1081 mL 4.2161 mL
10 mM 0.2108 mL 1.0540 mL 2.1081 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
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  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
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  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
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Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Biological Data
  • HIVNL4-3 passaged in l-chicoric acid develops drug resistance. HIVNL4-3 passaged in the presence (squares) or absence (circles) of increasing concentrations of l-chicoric acid was tested for sensitivity to l-chicoric acid. Each point is the mean of triplicate samples; the bars represent 1 standard deviation. HIV is a lytic virus, and increased levels of virus cause increased death of cells. Therefore, viability-based assays are good measures of HIV replication and anti-HIV activity. The viability of the cells is relative to that of cell controls (eight replicates; 100% viable) and virus controls (eight replicates; 0% viable) and was measured as first described by Montefiori et al. (26). Decreased cell viability in this assay correlates well with levels of HIV RNA, HIV protein expression, RT release, and numbers of infectious HIV particles (35).[2]. Resistance to the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 compound L-chicoric acid results from a single mutation at amino acid 140 of integrase. J Virol. 1998 Oct;72(10):8420-4.
  • Mutation of integrase at nt 4025 is associated with drug-resistance. Following the precipitation of virions, RNA was isolated and subjected to RT-PCR. The RT-PCR products were cloned into pCR-Script, and multiple clones were sequenced. WT, wild-type HIVNL4-3 sequence; 7-3, clone 7-3, a control sequence (HIVNL4-3 passaged in the absence of l-chicoric acid); 1-D4, clone 1-D4, a drug-resistant virus (HIVNL4-3 passaged in the presence of 8 μM l-chicoric acid). The arrows indicate the site of the mutation: the native sequence has a guanine at position 4025, while integrase from drug-resistant HIVNL4-3 contained an adenine at position 4025.[2]. Resistance to the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 compound L-chicoric acid results from a single mutation at amino acid 140 of integrase. J Virol. 1998 Oct;72(10):8420-4.
  • Resistance to l-chicoric acid but not zidovudine is conferred by G140S mutation in integrase. Wild-type HIVNL4-3 (circles), HIVNL4-3 control clones 7-1 (squares) and 7-3 (triangles), and clone 1-D4 (inverted triangles) were tested for sensitivity to zidovudine (A) or l-chicoric acid (B). The assays were performed as described in the legend to Fig. 1.[2]. Resistance to the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 compound L-chicoric acid results from a single mutation at amino acid 140 of integrase. J Virol. 1998 Oct;72(10):8420-4.
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