| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) from rat brain (competitive inhibitor, Ki = 33 μM)[3]
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Chelidamic acid is a heterocyclic organic acid having a pyran structure [1]. Chelidonium acid exhibits strong coordination with noble metal ions [2]. Chelidamic Acid is a potent inhibitor of glutamic acid decarboxylase, with a Ki of 33 μM [3].
Chelidamic acid was identified as a potent inhibitor of rat brain glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In an initial screening at 1 mM inhibitor concentration against 0.5 mM L-glutamate, Chelidamic acid inhibited GAD activity by 90% (Figure 2).[3] Kinetic analysis demonstrated that Chelidamic acid is a competitive inhibitor of GAD with respect to its substrate, L-glutamate. The inhibition constant (Ki) for Chelidamic acid was determined to be 33 μM. The apparent Km of the enzyme for glutamate under these conditions was 1.1 mM.[3] |
| Enzyme Assay |
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was measured by trapping and counting 14CO2 released from purified D,L-[1-14C]glutamate. Assays were conducted at 37°C.[3]
For the initial screening of inhibitors, the assay mixture contained approximately 0.5 mM L-glutamate (half the Km), 20 μM pyridoxal-P, 1 mM AET (2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide), and 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.0). Enzyme activity was determined in the presence or absence of 1 mM test inhibitor, and inhibition was expressed as a percentage of the control activity.[3] For detailed kinetic analysis of potent inhibitors like Chelidamic acid, assays were performed at varying glutamate concentrations (1 to 10 mM) in the presence of different inhibitor concentrations. Data were analyzed by fitting the competitive inhibition equation to determine the apparent Km and the inhibition constant (Ki).[3] |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Chelate acid is a conformationally restricted glutamate analog belonging to pyridine dicarboxylic acid (4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid)[3]. Studies have shown that a carboxyl group spacing of approximately 0.75 nm (as shown in isophthalic acid and chelate acid) is the optimal distance for competitive inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), suggesting that glutamate may bind to the active site of the enzyme in an extended conformation[3]. This study aims to find specific inhibitors of GAD as a tool to study the regulation and role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis in the nervous system. Chelate acid is a competitive inhibitor that blocks glutamate from entering the active site and does not promote the formation of inactive apoenzymes (unlike some other inhibitors)[3].
|
| Molecular Formula |
C7H5NO5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
183.1183
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| Exact Mass |
183.016
|
| CAS # |
138-60-3
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| PubChem CID |
8743
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| Appearance |
Yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
428.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
267 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
212.8±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.635
|
| LogP |
-1.43
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
320
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
XTLJJHGQACAZMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H5NO5/c9-3-1-4(6(10)11)8-5(2-3)7(12)13/h1-2H,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)(H,12,13)
|
| Chemical Name |
4-oxo-1H-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~54.61 mM)
H2O : ~1 mg/mL (~5.46 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1 mg/mL (5.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1 mg/mL (5.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 1 mg/mL (5.46 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C). |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4609 mL | 27.3045 mL | 54.6090 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0922 mL | 5.4609 mL | 10.9218 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5461 mL | 2.7304 mL | 5.4609 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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