| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of CATPB is the human Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (FFA2/GPR43), a G protein-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids. CATPB acts as an inverse agonist (pKi = 7.87) and antagonist at this receptor. It shows selectivity for the human receptor over the mouse FFA2. By binding to hFFA2, CATPB increases forskolin-induced cAMP production and inhibits acetate-induced MAPK signaling in cells expressing the human receptor.
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| ln Vitro |
Acetate or Cmp1 (FFAR2 agonist)-induced temporary elevation of Ca2+ in neutrophils is inhibited by CATPB [1]. NADPH oxidase activity produced by Cmp1 is inhibited by CATPB [1].
In vitro, CATPB inhibits both constitutive and propionate (C3)-stimulated hFFA2 GTPγS incorporation, with IC50 values of approximately 35 nM and 320 nM, respectively (at [C3] = EC80, ~125 nM). It also inhibits C3-induced hFFA2 G159E activity with an IC50 of ~400 nM. Furthermore, CATPB inhibits C3-induced intracellular ERK phosphorylation in hFFA2-expressing cells, with an IC50 of ~3 μM against 10 mM C3. The compound's inverse agonist activity is demonstrated by its ability to increase forskolin-induced cAMP production. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for CATPB are not extensively reported in the available literature. As a potent and selective hFFA2 inverse agonist, the compound has potential for in vivo applications in studying the role of FFA2 in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. However, specific in vivo efficacy data, including animal models, dosing regimens, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships, are not detailed in the available sources. The compound is classified as a research-use-only chemical.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding/functional assays for CATPB typically involve measuring its activity at the human FFA2 receptor. For binding affinity, membranes from cells expressing hFFA2 are incubated with a radiolabeled ligand, and the compound's ability to displace the ligand is measured to determine the pKi (7.87). Functional assays measure the compound's ability to modulate receptor signaling, such as GTPγS incorporation, cAMP production, or ERK phosphorylation.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for CATPB are performed in cells expressing the human FFA2 receptor. Cells are treated with CATPB, and its effects on receptor-mediated signaling are measured. For example, the compound's ability to increase forskolin-induced cAMP production is measured using a cAMP immunoassay. Additionally, its ability to inhibit acetate-induced ERK phosphorylation is assessed by Western blotting or phospho-ERK ELISA. These assays confirm the compound's inverse agonist and antagonist activity at hFFA2.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with CATPB are not extensively documented in the available literature. As a species-specific hFFA2 inhibitor that does not cross-react with mouse or rat FFA2, the compound's utility in standard rodent models is limited. Potential in vivo models would require the use of humanized mice expressing the human FFA2 receptor. However, specific protocols are not detailed in the available sources. The compound is intended for laboratory research use only.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
CATPB is soluble in DMSO at 10 mg/mL and in ethanol at 19.99 mg/mL (50 mM). It has a molecular weight of 399.79. The compound is stable as a powder when stored at room temperature. However, detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, half-life, and bioavailability are not available in the literature for this research compound.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Comprehensive toxicology data for CATPB are not extensively reported. The compound is classified as a research-use-only chemical and is not intended for human consumption. As a potent modulator of FFA2 signaling, it may have effects on metabolic and inflammatory pathways that could contribute to toxicity at high concentrations. Specific toxicological data, including acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and target organ effects, are not reported in the available literature.
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| References |
[1]. Lena Björkman, et al. The Neutrophil Response Induced by an Agonist for Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (GPR43) Is Primed by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and by Receptor Uncoupling from the Cytoskeleton but Attenuated by Tissue Recruitment. Mol Cell Biol. 2016
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| Additional Infomation |
CATPB is a research-grade compound not approved for clinical use. Its primary application is as a pharmacological tool for studying the human Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (FFA2/GPR43). Its selectivity for the human receptor over mouse and rat orthologs makes it a valuable reagent for studying species-specific FFA2 function. The compound is used to investigate the role of FFA2 in metabolic regulation, inflammation, and short-chain fatty acid signaling. It is also used as a reference standard in FFA2 antagonist screening programs.
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| Molecular Formula |
C19H17CLF3NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
399.791394948959
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| Exact Mass |
399.084
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| CAS # |
1322598-09-3
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| PubChem CID |
53308747
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
531.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
275.2±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.546
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| LogP |
4.92
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
507
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C(C1C=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=1)[C@@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)CC1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1
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| InChi Key |
QOSIJVVNNGXEKE-INIZCTEOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H17ClF3NO3/c20-15-3-1-2-13(8-15)10-17(25)24-16(11-18(26)27)9-12-4-6-14(7-5-12)19(21,22)23/h1-8,16H,9-11H2,(H,24,25)(H,26,27)/t16-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S)-3-[[2-(3-chlorophenyl)acetyl]amino]-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~250.13 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.25 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.25 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.25 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5013 mL | 12.5066 mL | 25.0131 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5003 mL | 2.5013 mL | 5.0026 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2501 mL | 1.2507 mL | 2.5013 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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