| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of Carboxin is the mitochondrial respiratory chain, specifically the succinate dehydrogenase complex II (SDHI). By inhibiting this enzyme, Carboxin disrupts energy production in fungal cells, leading to their death and preventing the growth and spread of fungal diseases.
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| ln Vitro |
Within the class of oxazolosulfane fungicides is carbocine, a systemic fungicide. Carboxymethine is useful in combating Phycomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Basidiomycetes among other fungi [1]. In mitochondria, carboxymethine plays a significant role in succinate oxidation [2].
Carboxin demonstrates high specificity against fungal classes such as Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Phycomycetes. It shows significant antifungal activity against *Fusarium graminearum* and *Fusarium oxysporum* with growth inhibition of 56.3% and 23.6%, respectively, at 100 µg/ml. It also possesses moderate antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 > 20000 nM). |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Carboxin is effective as a systemic fungicide. It can control wheat leaf rust disease caused by *Puccinia recondita* with 100% efficacy at 50 µg/ml and 43.0% at 20 µg/ml. It is also effective against *Oculimacula yallundae* with an EC50 value of 2.5 µg/ml.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays measure the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity. Mitochondria are isolated from fungal cells, and succinate oxidation is measured spectrophotometrically in the presence of varying concentrations of Carboxin. The compound's ability to inhibit this enzymatic activity is correlated with its antifungal potency.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays involve culturing fungal pathogens (e.g., *Fusarium* spp.) in the presence of Carboxin to assess mycelial growth inhibition. The percentage of growth inhibition is calculated by comparing treated cultures to untreated controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal model studies are not typically performed for agricultural fungicides. Instead, efficacy is evaluated in plant models. For example, wheat plants are infected with *Puccinia recondita* and then treated with Carboxin to measure the reduction in disease severity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a systemic fungicide, Carboxin is absorbed by plants and translocated throughout the tissue. Its pharmacokinetic properties are optimized for plant uptake and distribution, ensuring protection against fungal pathogens. In mammals, it is metabolized and excreted.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of Carboxin indicates low to moderate toxicity in mammals. It has been shown to activate the human pregnane X receptor (PXR) and other signaling pathways, suggesting potential for drug-drug interactions. It is considered safe for its intended agricultural use when applied according to label instructions.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Carboxyaniline is an aniline compound formed by the condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxyl group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxothiacyclohexene-3-carboxylic acid. It is a fungicide used to control smut and powdery mildew, and is commonly used as a seed treatment. It is an EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor and antifungal pesticide. It is an aniline compound, an enamide compound, an oxoheterocyclic compound, an organosulfur heterocyclic compound, an aniline fungicide, and a secondary amide compound. It is a systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment. Carboxyaniline is a systemic fungicide used to control seed and seedling diseases (smut, rot, wilt) in barley, beans, rapeseed, corn, cotton, oats, onions, peanuts, rice, rye, safflower, sorghum, soybeans, triticale, and wheat. Carboxyaniline has low acute toxicity. Toxicity levels range from Grade I (highest toxicity) to Grade IV (lowest toxicity), with oral administration classified as Grade III, inhalation as Grade IV, and dermal administration as Grade III. Carboxybenzin is slightly irritating to the eyes (Toxicity Grade III), non-irritating to the skin (Toxicity Grade IV), and does not cause skin sensitization. The toxic mechanism of carboxybenzin has not been fully investigated; however, its primary target organs appear to be the liver and kidneys. In carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice, carboxybenzin did not show any significant carcinogenic potential.
A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent. See also: Carboxybenzin sulfoxide (note moved to). Carboxin has been a key agricultural fungicide for decades, marketed under names like Vitavax and Kisvax. Its mechanism as an SDHI inhibitor makes it a classic example of a targeted fungicide. Research has also explored its activity against parasites like *Trypanosoma cruzi*, the causative agent of Chagas disease. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H13NO2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
235.3
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| Exact Mass |
235.066
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| CAS # |
5234-68-4
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| PubChem CID |
21307
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
420.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
91.1-91.7°C
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| Flash Point |
208.2±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.636
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| LogP |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
295
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
GYSSRZJIHXQEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H13NO2S/c1-9-11(16-8-7-15-9)12(14)13-10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6H,7-8H2,1H3,(H,13,14)
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| Chemical Name |
6-methyl-N-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-5-carboxamide
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| Synonyms |
Cerevax; CCRIS 5217; Carboxin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~424.99 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.62 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.62 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.62 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2499 mL | 21.2495 mL | 42.4989 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8500 mL | 4.2499 mL | 8.4998 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4250 mL | 2.1249 mL | 4.2499 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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