| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Carbosulfan primarily targets acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme essential for nerve function in insects. It acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor by carbamylating the enzyme's active site, forming an unstable, reversible complex with cholinesterase. Additionally, carbosulfan potently inhibits CYP3A4 and moderately inhibits CYP1A1/2 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes. Its metabolic activation to carbofuran is predominantly catalyzed in humans by CYP3A4.
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| ln Vitro |
Carbosulfan exhibits potent insecticidal activity through reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. In vitro studies using pooled human liver microsomes demonstrated that carbosulfan potently inhibits CYP3A4 and moderately inhibits CYP1A1/2 and CYP2C19. The compound's effectiveness against both soil and foliar pests has been well documented, making it a versatile choice for pest management.
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| ln Vivo |
Carbosulfan acts systemically with contact and stomach action in target organisms. In vivo, it is metabolically activated to carbofuran, a more toxic metabolite that exerts the primary insecticidal effects. The compound is orally active and hydrolyzes to carbofuran in the organism. Its systemic properties allow it to be transported within plants, making it effective as a systemic control agent. Carbosulfan has been shown to be effective against a wide range of agricultural pests in field conditions.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme inhibition assay for carbosulfan typically involves incubating the compound with purified acetylcholinesterase or human liver microsomes. For CYP450 inhibition studies, pooled human liver microsomes are incubated with carbosulfan and specific CYP substrates, and metabolite formation is monitored by LC-MS/MS. For AChE inhibition, the compound is incubated with the enzyme and a chromogenic substrate such as acetylthiocholine, and the rate of product formation is measured spectrophotometrically at 412 nm using Ellman's method. Inhibition is reversible as the carbamylated enzyme complex is unstable.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for carbosulfan are typically conducted using hepatocyte or liver cell lines to study metabolic activation and cytotoxicity. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of carbosulfan (typically 0.1-100 uM) for 24-48 hours, after which cell viability is assessed using MTT or ATP-based assays. CYP450 enzyme activity in treated cells can be measured using probe substrates, and metabolite formation (including carbofuran) is quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. The compound's effects on cellular AChE activity can also be measured in cell lysates using standard enzymatic assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for carbosulfan typically involve oral administration to rodents (rats or mice) at varying dose levels to assess toxicity and insecticidal efficacy. For toxicity studies, animals are dosed orally by gavage, and clinical signs, mortality, and biochemical parameters (including plasma AChE activity) are monitored over 14-28 days. The LC50 (rat) for carbosulfan has been reported as 1,530 mg/m3/hr. For efficacy studies, insect species are exposed to carbosulfan-treated surfaces or diet, and mortality is recorded at various time points (24-72 hours).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Carbosulfan's known metabolites in the human body include (2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl)N-dibutylsulfonamide-N-methylcarbamate, carbofuran, and dibutyl(sulfonyl)amine. Carbamates are enzymatically hydrolyzed in the liver; degradation products are excreted via the kidneys and liver. (L793) Carbosulfan is orally active and undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism. Its known metabolites in the human body include (2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl)N-dibutylsulfonamide-N-methylcarbamate, carbofuran, and dibutyl(sulfonyl)amine. The compound is a prodrug that requires metabolic activation in target organisms to its more toxic metabolite, carbofuran. Carbamates are enzymatically hydrolyzed in the liver, and degradation products are excreted via the kidneys and liver. The compound has low aqueous solubility (0.3 ppm) and is soluble in DMSO at 68 mg/mL. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Carbosulfan is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamate compounds carbamate the enzyme's active site, forming an unstable complex with cholinesterase. This inhibition is reversible. Cholinesterase inhibitors suppress the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Because acetylcholinesterase has important physiological functions, chemicals that interfere with its activity are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and lacrimation even at low doses. High-dose exposure typically results in symptoms such as headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Acetylcholinesterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle or organ relaxation. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase results in the accumulation and sustained action of acetylcholine, leading to persistent nerve impulse transmission and unstoppable muscle contraction. Toxicity Data LC50 (rat) = 1,530 mg/m³/hr Carbosulfan is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamate compounds carbamylate the enzyme's active site, forming an unstable complex with cholinesterase. As cholinesterase inhibitors are potent neurotoxins, exposure causes excessive salivation and lacrimation even at low doses. High-dose exposure typically results in headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The LC50 (rat) is 1,530 mg/m3/hr. Carbosulfan is a skin sensitizer and can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or contact. It degrades into carbofuran, a more toxic compound. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Carbathendron is a viscous, brown liquid. Carbathendron belongs to the 1-benzofuran class of compounds and is a carbamate insecticide. It is an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, carbamate insecticide, acaricide, agricultural chemical, and nematicide. Carbathendron is a synthetic 1-benzofuran compound, a carbamate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and a skin sensitizer used as an insecticide. It is a toxic and non-persistent orange-yellow or brown viscous liquid that can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, or contact. Carbathendron is a carbamate insecticide. Carbamate insecticides are derived from carbamic acid, and their insecticidal mechanism is similar to that of organophosphate insecticides. They are widely used in homes, gardens, and agriculture. The first carbamate insecticide, Sevin, was introduced in 1956, and its global usage exceeds the combined usage of all other carbamate insecticides. Sevin is widely used in lawns and gardens due to its relatively low oral and dermal toxicity to mammals and its broad spectrum of application. Most carbamate insecticides are highly toxic to hymenopteran insects, therefore precautions must be taken to prevent contact with insects such as bees or parasitic wasps. Some carbamate insecticides can be transported within plants, making them effective systemic control agents. (L795)
Carbosulfan (CAS 55285-14-8) is a synthetic benzofuranyl methylcarbamate insecticide belonging to the carbamate chemical group. It is a sulfenylated prodrug that exhibits distinct metabolic activation pathways and toxicity profiles that preclude simple substitution with analogs like carbofuran or benfuracarb. The compound is used globally in agriculture and is widely researched for its environmental impact and residue persistence in agricultural ecosystems. It is not approved for human therapeutic use and is strictly for research and agricultural applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H32N2O3S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
380.54
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| Exact Mass |
380.213
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| CAS # |
55285-14-8
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| Related CAS # |
Carbosulfan-d18;1189903-75-0
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| PubChem CID |
41384
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| Appearance |
Light brown to brown liquid
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
462.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
233.5±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.540
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| LogP |
6.05
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
439
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(OC1=C(OC(C)(C)C2)C2=CC=C1)N(SN(CCCC)CCCC)C
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| InChi Key |
JLQUFIHWVLZVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H32N2O3S/c1-6-8-13-22(14-9-7-2)26-21(5)19(23)24-17-12-10-11-16-15-20(3,4)25-18(16)17/h10-12H,6-9,13-15H2,1-5H3
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| Chemical Name |
(2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl) N-(dibutylamino)sulfanyl-N-methylcarbamate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~262.78 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6278 mL | 13.1392 mL | 26.2784 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5256 mL | 2.6278 mL | 5.2557 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2628 mL | 1.3139 mL | 2.6278 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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