| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(-)-Camphoric acid does not have a single well-defined molecular target but exhibits multiple biological activities. It stimulates osteoblast differentiation and induces glutamate receptor expression. It also activates NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. (-)-Camphoric acid has been investigated for its potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. It also exhibits antifungal and antiviral properties, including activity against influenza virus A (H1N1).
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, (-)-camphoric acid has been shown to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and induce glutamate receptor expression. It also activates NF-κB and AP-1. The compound has demonstrated antifungal and antiviral activities, with specific derivatives effectively inhibiting influenza virus A (H1N1) replication. These in vitro activities suggest potential therapeutic applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for (-)-camphoric acid are limited in publicly available sources. The compound has been investigated for its potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. Specific in vivo efficacy studies in animal models have not been extensively reported. Further studies would be required to fully characterize its in vivo effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In non-cell-based biochemical assays, (-)-camphoric acid's activities are evaluated using various methods. Its effects on osteoblast differentiation are assessed using biochemical markers of bone formation. Its activation of NF-κB and AP-1 is measured using transcription factor activation assays. Its antifungal and antiviral activities are assessed using standard susceptibility testing methods.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for (-)-camphoric acid involve testing its effects on cultured cells. Osteoblast cell lines are treated with the compound, and osteoblast differentiation is assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and expression of osteoblast-specific genes. Glutamate receptor expression is measured using RT-qPCR or Western blot analysis. NF-κB and AP-1 activation is assessed using reporter gene assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for (-)-camphoric acid have not been extensively reported in publicly available sources. As a compound with potential therapeutic properties, it would be expected to be evaluated in animal models relevant to its biological activities. However, specific protocols and data are limited. The compound's development would require further in vivo evaluation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Detailed pharmacokinetic properties of (-)-camphoric acid are limited in publicly available sources. As a small molecule dicarboxylic acid, it is expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability. The compound is used as a chiral resolution reagent for separating racemic compounds. Further pharmacokinetic characterization would be required for a complete understanding of its in vivo behavior.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for (-)-camphoric acid are limited in publicly available sources. As a research compound intended for laboratory use, comprehensive toxicology studies have not been extensively published. The compound is not intended for human use and should be handled with appropriate safety precautions. Its safety profile is consistent with that of other research chemicals used in laboratory settings.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Camphoric acid is a dicarboxylic acid. See also: calcium sulfate (related); aluminum chloride (related); talc (related)... View more...
(-)-Camphoric acid is a chiral dicarboxylic acid derived from camphor and is the less active enantiomer of camphoric acid. It stimulates osteoblast differentiation and induces glutamate receptor expression. It also activates NF-κB and AP-1. (-)-Camphoric acid has demonstrated antifungal and antiviral activities, including activity against influenza virus A (H1N1). It is used as a chiral resolution reagent and is a research chemical. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H16O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
200.23
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| Exact Mass |
200.105
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| CAS # |
560-09-8
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| PubChem CID |
219463
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.177g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
312ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
188-190ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
156.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.49
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| LogP |
1.598
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
282
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
C[C@@]1(CC[C@H](C1(C)C)C(=O)O)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
LSPHULWDVZXLIL-QUBYGPBYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H16O4/c1-9(2)6(7(11)12)4-5-10(9,3)8(13)14/h6H,4-5H2,1-3H3,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t6-,10+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,3R)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
L-Camphoric acid Camphoric acid, (-)-
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~624.28 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.39 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.39 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.39 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.9943 mL | 24.9713 mL | 49.9426 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9989 mL | 4.9943 mL | 9.9885 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4994 mL | 2.4971 mL | 4.9943 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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