| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
α-Glucosidase, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and I-type voltage-operated and prostanoid pathways. Butylidenephthalide inhibits α-glucosidase activity in a noncompetitive manner. It is an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). BDPH-mediated vasorelaxation involves an inhibitory mechanism downstream of I-type voltage-operated and prostanoid pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
3-Butylidene Phidide prevents mesenchymal transdifferentiation and myofibroblast activation in oral submucosal fibrosis [2].
Butylidenephthalide inhibits yeast α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 2.35 mM in a noncompetitive fashion with a Ki of 4.86 mM. It has antihyperglycemic effects due to inhibition of α-glucosidase at the intestinal level. The compound upregulates the expression of p21 and p27, decreases phosphorylation of Rb proteins, and causes cell arrest at the G0/G1 phase in GBM tumor cells. It modulates autophagy to ameliorate neuropathological progress of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 through the mTOR pathway. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, butylidenephthalide has been studied for its vasorelaxant, antihyperglycemic, and anticancer effects. It is one of the most potent vasorelaxants isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong. The compound prevents mesenchymal transdifferentiation and myofibroblast activation in oral submucosal fibrosis. It modulates autophagy to ameliorate neuropathological progress of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for butylidenephthalide involve measuring its inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. Yeast α-glucosidase is incubated with its substrate and various concentrations of butylidenephthalide. Enzyme activity is measured spectrophotometrically by monitoring the release of glucose or chromogenic product. IC50 values (2.35 mM) and Ki values (4.86 mM) are determined from concentration-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for butylidenephthalide involve treating cells (such as GBM tumor cells or fibroblasts) with the compound and measuring cell proliferation, apoptosis, or gene expression. Cells are treated with various concentrations of butylidenephthalide, and cell cycle distribution is analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of p21, p27, and Rb phosphorylation is assessed by Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for butylidenephthalide typically involve administration to rodent models of diabetes, cancer, or neurological disorders. Efficacy is assessed by measuring blood glucose levels, tumor growth, or neurological function. Butylidenephthalide has antihyperglycemic effects and modulates autophagy.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Butylidenephthalide has a molecular weight of 188.22 and a molecular formula of C12H12O2. It is a phthalic anhydride analogue. The compound has insecticidal activity with an LC50 value against Spodoptera litura larvae of 1.56 mg/g. Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to fully characterize its profile.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Preclinical toxicity studies of butylidenephthalide are limited. The compound has vasorelaxant, antihyperglycemic, and anticancer effects. It has insecticidal activity. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation is needed before clinical development. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
3-Butene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone is an isobenzofuranone. It has been reported that 3-butene phthalide exists in Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum striatum, and other organisms with relevant data.
Butylidenephthalide (3-butylidenephthalide) is a phthalic anhydride analogue from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort with potent vasorelaxant, antihyperglycemic, and anticancer effects. It inhibits α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 2.35 mM, upregulates p21 and p27 expression causing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in GBM cells, and modulates autophagy through the mTOR pathway. It is a valuable natural compound for research in diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H12O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
188.23
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| Exact Mass |
188.083
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| CAS # |
551-08-6
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| PubChem CID |
5352899
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
312.0±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
127.9±23.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.631
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| LogP |
3.72
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
255
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C(C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2C1=C([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
WMBOCUXXNSOQHM-DHZHZOJOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H12O2/c1-2-3-8-11-9-6-4-5-7-10(9)12(13)14-11/h4-8H,2-3H2,1H3/b11-8+
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| Chemical Name |
(3E)-3-butylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one
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| Synonyms |
3-Butylidene Phthalide; BP; Butylidenephthalide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~1328.23 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.3126 mL | 26.5632 mL | 53.1265 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0625 mL | 5.3126 mL | 10.6253 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5313 mL | 2.6563 mL | 5.3126 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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