In research pertaining to life sciences, bromophenol blue indicator (3.9–4.6) is a biochemical reagent that can be utilized as biological materials or organic substances.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Following intravenous bolus and infusion in rats, the concentrations of bromophenol blue (I) in plasma, urine, and bile were determined spectrophotometrically. Results showed that, except for the highest dose, plasma concentrations decreased exponentially in all dose groups; the highest dose group showed a double exponential decrease. Although the disposition kinetics of I followed first-order kinetics at all doses, its half-life increased with increasing dose. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) increased disproportionately with increasing dose. Binding of I to rat plasma proteins was determined by equilibrium dialysis, showing that the binding fraction (96%) of I remained constant within the concentration range of 10–300 μg/ml. Plasma concentrations were measured at 0 min and 20 min after intravenous administration (when the plasma concentration after the first administration had reached its lowest point). The apparent first-order elimination rate constant for the decrease in plasma concentration after the second administration was significantly lower than that after the first administration, indicating that residual dye in the liver altered iodine elimination after the second administration. The dose fraction in the liver decreased with increasing dose, indicating that the uptake process was saturated. The bile excretion curve reflected the uptake saturation occurring in the liver and showed that iodine excretion in the bile depended on the iodine content in the liver. When exposure to carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury, the dye concentrations in plasma, liver, and kidneys were all significantly increased.

[1]. Merianda TT, Lin AC, Lam JS, Vuppalanchi D, Willis DE, Karin N, Holt CE, Twiss JL. A functional equivalent of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in axons for secretion of locally synthesized proteins. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2009 Feb;40(2):128-42.

[2]. Nanocellulose for gel electrophoresis. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2019 Mar 22; 540: 148-154.

[3]. Preferential solvation bromophenol blue in water-alcohol binary mixture. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018 Oct 5; 203: 333-341.

Bromophenol blue is 3H-2,1-benzoxoxetane-1,1-dioxide, in which both hydrogen atoms at the 3-position are replaced by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl. It is a laboratory indicator, appearing yellow below pH 3 and purple at pH 4.6; it can also be used as a molecular weight marker in agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, it is used as an industrial dye. Bromophenol blue has multiple functions as a bicolor indicator, acid-base indicator, and dye. It is a sulcolone, aromatic sulfonate, 2,1-benzoxoxetane, phenolic compound, and organobromine compound. It was formerly used as an industrial dye, laboratory indicator, and biological stain.

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Therapeutic Use
/EXPL/ This study used four different concentrations of dye solutions (Light Green SF Yellow [LGSF]: 2%; Copper(II) Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonic Acid [E68]: 2% and 0.5%; Bromophenol Blue [BPB]: 2%, 1%, and 0.2%; and Chicago Blue [CB]: 2% and 0.5%). All dyes were dissolved and diluted using balanced salt solution (BSS plus). After triamcinolone-assisted vitrectomy in 10 pig eyes, the dye was first injected into the air-filled vitreous cavity. After 1 minute, the dye was rinsed off with balanced salt solution (BSS), and the staining effect was graded by two examiners. After vitrectomy, the same concentration of dye was injected into the air-filled anterior chamber to stain the lens capsule of the same eye. Postoperatively, the eyeball was enucleated and fixed for light and electron microscopy. ...The lens capsule showed excellent staining with 2% E68, 2% and 0.5% CB, and 2%, 1% and 0.2% BPB, but poor staining with LGSF. No histological abnormalities were observed in any eyes after dye injection. No dye-related complications occurred during the procedure. ...Since low concentrations (0.2%) of bromophenol blue (BPB) can stain the retinal surface and lens capsule without observed signs of toxicity, this dye appears to be the most promising candidate for human application.
/Experiment/ Four dyes were injected intravitreal into rats: pale green SF yellow (LGSF), copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (E68), bromophenol blue (BPB), and Chicago blue (CB), all dissolved in physiological saline (PSS) at concentrations of 0.5% and 0.02%, respectively. PSS served as a control. .../Only/ BPB or LGSF did not produce significant detectable toxicity to the retina in vivo...
Next-generation reactive dyes for vitrectomy include Trypan blue, Patent Blue, triamcinolone, isocyanate, sodium fluorescein, bromophenol blue, fluorometholone acetate, and brilliant blue. New instruments may be able to selectively stain preretinal tissues during vitrectomy.
Reactive dyes for vitreoretinal surgery.

C19H10BR4O5S

669.9607

665.698

115-39-9

8272

Orange to red solid powder

2.2±0.1 g/cm3

605.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

273 °C

320.1±31.5 °C

0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C

1.744

6.88

2

5

2

29

662

0

UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C19H10Br4O5S/c20-12-5-9(6-13(21)17(12)24)19(10-7-14(22)18(25)15(23)8-10)11-3-1-2-4-16(11)29(26,27)28-19/h1-8,24-25H

2,6-dibromo-4-[3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-dioxo-2,1λ6-benzoxathiol-3-yl]phenol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~149.26 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)