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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Bismuth subnitrate does not have a specific molecular target but exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms. As an antacid, it neutralizes gastric acid and forms a protective coating on the gastric mucosa, providing symptomatic relief in gastrointestinal disorders. Its antimicrobial activity is attributed to the bismuth ion, which can disrupt bacterial cell walls and inhibit enzyme activity. The compound also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, likely through modulation of inflammatory mediators. In wound dressings and ointments, bismuth subnitrate provides a protective barrier and promotes wound healing. Its multi-functional properties make it a valuable compound for both pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Bismuth subnitrate exhibits antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal pathogens. It disrupts bacterial cell walls and inhibits enzyme activity, contributing to its antimicrobial effects. The compound also shows anti-inflammatory activity, likely through modulation of inflammatory mediators. As an antacid, it neutralizes gastric acid in vitro. Its activity is concentration-dependent, with effective concentrations typically in the mg/mL range. The compound's multi-functional activity makes it a valuable tool for studying antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Detailed quantitative activity data (e.g., MIC values) are available in specialized pharmaceutical literature.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Bismuth subnitrate is used clinically as an antacid for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, including dyspepsia and gastritis. It forms a protective coating on the gastric mucosa, providing symptomatic relief. The compound is also used in wound dressings and ointments to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties contribute to its therapeutic effects. Bismuth subnitrate is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. However, chronic use of bismuth-containing compounds can lead to bismuth accumulation and toxicity. The compound is available as a pharmaceutical-grade agent for clinical and research use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro antimicrobial activity assay for Bismuth subnitrate typically uses broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The compound is suspended in culture medium at varying concentrations (typically 0.1 to 10 mg/mL) and incubated with the test organism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth. For antacid activity, the compound is tested for its ability to neutralize acid in vitro using a pH meter or acid-base titration. For anti-inflammatory assays, the compound is tested in cell-based assays for inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Positive controls (e.g., known antimicrobials, antacids) and negative controls (vehicle) are included in each assay run.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, various cell lines (e.g., macrophages, epithelial cells) are treated with Bismuth subnitrate at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/mL for 1-24 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) are measured by ELISA. Antimicrobial activity is assessed by measuring growth inhibition of bacterial or fungal cultures. For mechanism studies, the effects of the compound on bacterial cell wall integrity and enzyme activity are investigated. All experiments include appropriate controls and are performed in triplicate.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, Bismuth subnitrate is typically administered orally to rodents at doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg. In antacid studies, the compound is tested in models of gastric acid secretion or gastric ulcer. In wound healing studies, the compound is applied topically to wounds, and healing is assessed by measuring wound closure and histology. In antimicrobial studies, the compound is tested in animal models of infection. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Bismuth subnitrate have been characterized to some extent. Following oral administration, the compound is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract due to its low solubility. Most of the administered dose remains in the gastrointestinal tract and is excreted in feces. The small fraction that is absorbed distributes into tissues, including the liver and kidney. Bismuth is eliminated primarily via renal excretion. Plasma half-life is long due to tissue accumulation. Chronic use can lead to bismuth accumulation and toxicity, including encephalopathy. The compound's poor systemic absorption limits its systemic toxicity but also limits its utility for systemic indications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicology of Bismuth subnitrate has been well-characterized due to its long history of medicinal use. In acute toxicity studies, the compound is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. At high doses, gastrointestinal irritation and bismuth accumulation may occur. Chronic use of bismuth-containing compounds can lead to bismuth toxicity, including encephalopathy, nephropathy, and osteopathy. The compound is not genotoxic or carcinogenic. The compound should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment. Bismuth subnitrate is approved for use as an antacid and topical agent in many countries, but should be used at recommended doses and durations.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Bismuth subnitrate is a bismuth-containing compound used as an antacid, in wound dressings, and as an antimicrobial agent. It has a chemical formula of Bi5O(OH)9(NO3)4. The compound is approved for use as an antacid and topical agent in many countries. It is available as a pharmaceutical-grade compound for clinical and research use. Its multi-functional properties make it a valuable compound for gastrointestinal disorders, wound care, and antimicrobial applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
H9BI5N4O22
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1461.987
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| Exact Mass |
394.943
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| CAS # |
1304-85-4
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| PubChem CID |
73415757
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
4.928
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| Melting Point |
260°C
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| LogP |
0.852
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
22
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
18.8
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[Bi+3].[Bi+3].[Bi+3].[Bi+3].[Bi+3].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[O-2]
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~20 mg/mL (~13.68 mM)
H2O : ~1 mg/mL (~0.68 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.11 mg/mL (0.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 11.1 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.6840 mL | 3.4200 mL | 6.8400 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1368 mL | 0.6840 mL | 1.3680 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0684 mL | 0.3420 mL | 0.6840 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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