| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg |
|
||
| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
β-Apo-8'-carotenal does not have a specific pharmacological target. Its biological activity is primarily through its antioxidant and retinoid activity. It can be converted to retinoic acid and may act as a weak agonist of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), modulating gene expression. It also scavenges free radicals and protects cells from lipid peroxidation.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, β-Apo-8'-carotenal exhibits antioxidant activity by quenching singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals. It inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes with an IC50 of 5 µM. It shows moderate protection against oxidative damage in cultured human fibroblasts at concentrations of 1-10 µM. It has no significant cytotoxicity up to 50 µM.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, β-Apo-8'-carotenal has been shown to increase plasma vitamin A levels in vitamin A-deficient animals. In rats, oral administration (10-50 mg/kg) for 7 days restored retinol levels and improved night vision. It also reduced oxidative stress markers in a rat model of diabetes (20 mg/kg, p.o.) and protected against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro antioxidant assay is performed using the DPPH radical scavenging method. β-Apo-8'-carotenal is dissolved in ethanol and incubated with DPPH (0.1 mM) for 30 min at 25°C. The decrease in absorbance at 517 nm is measured. Trolox is used as a standard. The compound's IC50 is determined. For lipid peroxidation, rat liver microsomes are incubated with Fe²⁺/ascorbate and varying concentrations of the compound; malondialdehyde is measured by TBARS assay.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, human dermal fibroblasts are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with β-Apo-8'-carotenal (1-50 µM) for 24 h, followed by oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ (200 µM) for 4 h. Cell viability is measured by MTT. Intracellular ROS is detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) is assessed by RT-qPCR.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies are typically performed in male Wistar rats (200-250 g). β-Apo-8'-carotenal is dissolved in corn oil and administered orally at doses of 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg daily for 7-14 days. For vitamin A deficiency models, rats are fed a vitamin A-free diet for 4 weeks before treatment. Blood and liver samples are collected for retinol and retinoic acid analysis by HPLC. Oxidative stress markers are measured in liver homogenates.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for β-Apo-8'-carotenal are limited. In humans, it is absorbed from the intestine and converted to retinoic acid. The plasma half-life is approximately 2-3 h. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in bile and urine. Bioavailability is moderate and depends on fat co-administration. Plasma protein binding is about 80%.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
β-Apo-8'-carotenal has low toxicity. The oral LD50 in rats is >5000 mg/kg. It is not mutagenic in the Ames test. In subchronic studies, doses up to 100 mg/kg/day for 90 days showed no adverse effects. It is considered safe as a food additive (E160e) and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at approved levels.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
8'-apo-β,psi-carotene-8'-aldehyde is an apocarotenoid triterpenoid compound derived from the oxidative degradation of the β,β-carotene skeleton at the 8' position. It is an enaldehyde and also an apocarotenoid triterpenoid compound. Apocarotenoid aldehydes have been reported to be found in citrus fruits (Citrus reticulata), peppers (Capsicum annuum), and other organisms with relevant data.
β-Apo-8'-carotenal is approved as a food coloring agent in many countries. It is also used in dietary supplements as a provitamin A. It has been investigated for its potential to prevent vitamin A deficiency and as an antioxidant. However, it is not a therapeutic drug. Clinical studies are limited to nutritional applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₃₀H₄₀O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
416.64
|
| Exact Mass |
416.307
|
| CAS # |
1107-26-2
|
| PubChem CID |
5478003
|
| Appearance |
Blue to dark blue solid powder
|
| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
575.7±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
138-141ºC
|
| Flash Point |
273.8±13.8 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.553
|
| LogP |
9.82
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
31
|
| Complexity |
887
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=O)/C)/C
|
| InChi Key |
DFMMVLFMMAQXHZ-DOKBYWHISA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H40O/c1-24(13-8-9-14-25(2)16-11-18-27(4)23-31)15-10-17-26(3)20-21-29-28(5)19-12-22-30(29,6)7/h8-11,13-18,20-21,23H,12,19,22H2,1-7H3/b9-8+,15-10+,16-11+,21-20+,24-13+,25-14+,26-17+,27-18+
|
| Chemical Name |
(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)heptadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octaenal
|
| Synonyms |
βApo8'carotenal; β Apo 8' carotenal
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~1 mg/mL (~2.40 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 4.17 mg/mL (10.01 mM) in Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4002 mL | 12.0008 mL | 24.0015 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4800 mL | 2.4002 mL | 4.8003 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2400 mL | 1.2001 mL | 2.4002 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
