| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Targets |
Benzoylaconine targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an agonist, with an EC₅₀ of 1.5 μM. It also inhibits TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The compound upregulates the protein levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and MRP2. Additionally, benzoylaconine interacts with voltage-gated sodium channels. Compared with parent aconitine compounds, benzoylaconine exhibits reduced toxicity while retaining biological activity. Its multi-targeted mechanism contributes to its antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, benzoylaconine (25-100 μM, pretreatment for 1 hour, then treatment for 36 hours) attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. It is an ACE2 agonist (EC₅₀: 1.5 μM) with antihypertensive and anti-heart failure effects. Benzoylaconine inhibits TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects. It upregulates the protein levels of P-gp and MRP2, and has anti-tumor effects. The compound has also been shown to have cytotoxic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, benzoylaconine has been studied for its antihypertensive and anti-heart failure effects. As an orally active monoester alkaloid, it is administered orally. The compound has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Benzoylaconine (0.6 mg/kg) has been evaluated in animal models. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through inhibition of TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways. The compound's reduced toxicity compared to aconitine makes it a potentially safer alternative for therapeutic applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for benzoylaconine involve measuring its agonistic activity at ACE2. The assay typically uses cells expressing ACE2, incubated with varying concentrations of benzoylaconine. ACE2 activity is measured using a fluorogenic substrate (e.g., Mca-APK(Dnp)-OH) that is cleaved by ACE2 to produce a fluorescent signal. The EC₅₀ for ACE2 activation is 1.5 μM. The compound's inhibition of TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways can be assessed using reporter gene assays or by measuring phosphorylation of MAPK proteins (e.g., ERK, JNK, p38) and NF-κB activation.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for benzoylaconine evaluate its effects on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts are cultured and treated with benzoylaconine (25-100 μM, pretreatment for 1 hour, then treatment for 36 hours) in the presence of angiotensin II. Cell surface area is measured to assess hypertrophy. Fibrosis is assessed by measuring collagen deposition or expression of fibrotic markers (e.g., collagen I, fibronectin). Inflammatory responses are evaluated by measuring cytokine production in immune cells stimulated with TLR agonists. These assays confirm the compound's antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for benzoylaconine have been conducted in models of hypertension and heart failure. The compound is administered orally to animal models. Blood pressure is measured to assess antihypertensive effects. Cardiac function is evaluated by echocardiography. Inflammatory markers are measured in serum and tissues. Benzoylaconine (0.6 mg/kg) has been evaluated in animal studies. The compound's anti-tumor effects can be assessed in xenograft models. Comprehensive in vivo studies are available from traditional medicine and pharmacological research.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) data for benzoylaconine are limited. The compound has a molecular weight of 603.70 g/mol and is orally active. As an orally active compound, it is absorbed after oral administration. The compound's metabolic stability, half-life, and bioavailability have not been fully characterized. Compared with parent aconitine compounds, benzoylaconine exhibits reduced toxicity while retaining biological activity. Comprehensive ADME studies are needed to fully characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of benzoylaconine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of benzoylaconine is reduced compared to parent aconitine compounds, while retaining biological activity. However, benzoylaconine and aconitine can induce reproductive toxicity in BeWo cells, with amino acid metabolism being the main metabolic pathway responsible for placental and fetal toxicity. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions in the laboratory. For research use only, not for human therapeutic use without proper medical supervision. Comprehensive toxicological studies are needed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Benzoyl aconitine is a diterpenoid alkaloid with the molecular formula C32H45NO10, which can be isolated from various Aconitum species. It is both a plant metabolite and a phytotoxic agent. It is a benzoic acid ester, bridging compound, diterpenoid alkaloid, organic heterocyclic compound, polyether, secondary alcohol, tertiary alcohol, tetraol, and tertiary amine compound. It is derived from the hydride of aconitane. Benzoyl aconitine has been reported in Aconitum pendulum, Aconitum carmichaelii, and other organisms with relevant data.
Benzoylaconine (Benzoylaconitine) is an orally active monoester diterpenoid alkaloid found in the traditional Chinese medicine Aconitum carmichaelii. It is an ACE2 agonist (EC₅₀: 1.5 μM) with antihypertensive and anti-heart failure effects. Benzoylaconine inhibits TLR-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects. It upregulates P-gp and MRP2 protein levels and has anti-tumor effects. Compared with parent aconitine compounds, benzoylaconine exhibits reduced toxicity while retaining biological activity. It has been studied for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and cardiotonic properties. Benzoylaconine has not progressed to clinical trials. |
| Molecular Formula |
C32H45NO10
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
603.7004
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| Exact Mass |
603.304
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| CAS # |
466-24-0
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| Related CAS # |
71402-60-3 (HBr); 466-24-0;
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| PubChem CID |
20055771
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
711.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
130°C
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| Flash Point |
384.0±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.631
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| LogP |
0.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
43
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| Complexity |
1100
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
14
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| SMILES |
CCN1C[C@@]2([C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@]34[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](C31)[C@@]5([C@@H]6[C@H]4C[C@@]([C@@H]6OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)([C@H]([C@@H]5O)OC)O)O)OC)OC)O)COC
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| InChi Key |
DHJXZSFKLJCHLH-KYSNEVMMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C32H45NO10/c1-6-33-14-29(15-39-2)18(34)12-19(40-3)31-17-13-30(37)26(43-28(36)16-10-8-7-9-11-16)20(17)32(38,25(35)27(30)42-5)21(24(31)33)22(41-4)23(29)31/h7-11,17-27,34-35,37-38H,6,12-15H2,1-5H3/t17-,18-,19+,20-,21+,22+,23-,24?,25+,26-,27+,29+,30-,31+,32-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,9R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-11-ethyl-5,7,8,14-tetrahydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~55 mg/mL (~91.10 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 0.92 mg/mL (1.52 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 9.2 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.92 mg/mL (1.52 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 9.2 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 0.92 mg/mL (1.52 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6565 mL | 8.2823 mL | 16.5645 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3313 mL | 1.6565 mL | 3.3129 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1656 mL | 0.8282 mL | 1.6565 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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