| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 25mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Atractylenolide I targets multiple signaling pathways. It is a TLR4 antagonist. It reduces JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation. It regulates NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. It ameliorates sepsis syndrome by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and LPS.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Atractylenolide I (40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150 μM) must be dosed and timed to dramatically diminish the cell viability of human A375 melanoma cells after 24, 48 and 72 hours of therapy. Atractylenolide I (50 and 100 μM) stimulated A375 cells in a dose-dependent manner after 48 hours of treatment. Atractylenolide I (100 μM) dramatically lowered protein levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in A375 cells, while having no effect on total JAK2 and STAT3. In addition, Atractylenolide I suppresses the mRNA expression of STAT3-repressed genes, including Bcl-xL, MMP-2, and MMP-9[1]. Atractylodes I (up to 100 μM) is not harmful to normal cells. Atractylodes I (25, 50 μM) decreased Ox-LDL-induced TNF-α, IL-6, and NO generation in VSMC. Atractylenolide I (12.5, 25 or 50 μM) significantly lowered MCP-1 levels and prevented Ox-LDL-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. Atractylenolide I (25, 50 μM) suppresses severe staining of foam cells and considerably lowers buffer buildup. Atractylenolide I (50 μM) suppresses Ox-LDL-stimulated p38MAPK and NF-κB p65 expression in VSMC [3]. Atractylenolide I (1, 10, 100 μM) wakes TLR4 signaling through MyD88 in EOC cells to atrophy paclitaxel-induced VEGF and survivin production [4].
In vitro, Atractylenolide I is a TLR4 antagonist. It reduces JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in A375 cells. It regulates NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. It possesses neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. |
| ln Vivo |
In mice experiencing chronic unpredictable rest during the day (CUMS), atractyloid I (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg, nuchal) reverses body weight loss. Atractyloid I decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampal region produced by CUMS, diminishes depression induced by CUMS, and raises the NLRP3 inflammasome in the mouse hippocampal region [2].
In vivo, Atractylenolide I ameliorates sepsis syndrome by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and LPS, and provides an improvement in liver and kidney functions. Its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities suggest potential in models of inflammatory diseases. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its therapeutic potential. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Atractylenolide I are conducted to assess TLR4 antagonism, JAK2/STAT3 inhibition, and NF-κB/MAPK modulation. TLR4 activity is measured using reporter gene assays or by measuring cytokine production in TLR4-expressing cells. JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation is measured by Western blotting.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Atractylenolide I are performed using A375 melanoma cells or other cancer cell lines. Cells are treated with compound concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 µM for 24-72 hours. JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation is assessed by Western blotting. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Atractylenolide I have been conducted in sepsis models. Rodents are administered the compound orally or intraperitoneally. Endpoints include survival, serum cytokine levels, and liver and kidney function tests.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Atractylenolide I are not well characterized. The compound has a molecular weight of 230.30. It is a lipophilic sesquiterpene. Standard PK studies in rodents would be required to determine half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Atractylenolide I are limited. As a natural product-derived compound, it may have a moderate safety profile. No significant acute toxicity has been reported. Standard toxicity screening would involve acute and repeated-dose studies in rodents.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, atractylodes lancea, atractylodes macrocephala, and other organisms with available data contain atractylodes lactone I.
Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene from Atractylodes macrocephala with neuroprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It is a TLR4 antagonist and reduces JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation. It regulates NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. It is not clinically approved and is used as a research tool. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H18O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
230.3022
|
| Exact Mass |
230.13
|
| CAS # |
73069-13-3
|
| PubChem CID |
5321018
|
| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
405.0±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
121-123 °C
|
| Flash Point |
170.8±25.9 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.555
|
| LogP |
3.77
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
17
|
| Complexity |
481
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
CC1=C2C[C@H]3C(=C)CCC[C@@]3(C=C2OC1=O)C
|
| InChi Key |
ZTVSGQPHMUYCRS-SWLSCSKDSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H18O2/c1-9-5-4-6-15(3)8-13-11(7-12(9)15)10(2)14(16)17-13/h8,12H,1,4-7H2,2-3H3/t12-,15+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(4aS,8aS)-3,8a-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[f][1]benzofuran-2-one
|
| Synonyms |
Atractylenolide I
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~434.22 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.3422 mL | 21.7108 mL | 43.4216 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8684 mL | 4.3422 mL | 8.6843 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4342 mL | 2.1711 mL | 4.3422 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
