| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The molecular targets of Anemarsaponin E are not fully elucidated, but the compound is primarily studied for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. As a saponin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, a plant used in traditional medicine, Anemarsaponin E may interact with various cellular targets involved in inflammation and immune regulation. Saponins are known to modulate immune function, affect cell membrane permeability, and interact with cholesterol-containing membranes. Anemarsaponin E's anti-inflammatory activity suggests it may inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production or modulate signaling pathways such as NF-kappaB or MAPK. Further research is needed to identify the specific molecular targets of Anemarsaponin E.
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| ln Vitro |
Anemarsaponin E demonstrates in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The compound is a saponin extracted from Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Its activity is typically assessed by measuring the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in immune cells stimulated with inflammatory stimuli. Anemarsaponin E is widely used in pharmacological research exploring herbal anti-inflammatory mechanisms and immune regulation. Comprehensive in vitro activity data have been reported in research publications. The compound's anti-inflammatory effects are concentration-dependent, with activity observed at appropriate concentrations.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of Anemarsaponin E has been less extensively characterized compared to its in vitro activity. As a saponin with anti-inflammatory properties, the compound would be expected to have potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory diseases. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy studies in animal models have not been extensively published. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for in vitro studies of herbal anti-inflammatory mechanisms and immune regulation. Further research is needed to determine whether Anemarsaponin E's in vitro anti-inflammatory activity translates to in vivo efficacy.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Anemarsaponin E typically involve measuring its anti-inflammatory activity. Macrophages (RAW264.7) or other immune cells are stimulated with LPS or other inflammatory stimuli and treated with varying concentrations of Anemarsaponin E. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) is measured by ELISA. Nitric oxide production is measured using the Griess reagent. NF-kappaB activation can be assessed using reporter assays or by measuring IkappaB degradation and p65 nuclear translocation by Western blot or immunofluorescence. MAPK signaling can be assessed by measuring phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 by Western blot. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays to ensure that observed effects are not due to cytotoxicity. Each concentration is typically tested in duplicate or triplicate with appropriate positive controls (known anti-inflammatory compounds) and vehicle controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Anemarsaponin E are performed using immune cells such as macrophages (RAW264.7), microglial cells (BV2), or primary macrophages. Cells are stimulated with LPS or other inflammatory stimuli and treated with varying concentrations of Anemarsaponin E. Cytokine production is measured by ELISA or multiplex bead-based assays. Nitric oxide production is measured using the Griess reagent. ROS production is measured using fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA. Signaling pathway activation is assessed by Western blot for phosphorylated signaling intermediates. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays to ensure that observed effects are not due to cell death. IC50 values for inhibition of cytokine or nitric oxide production are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Anemarsaponin E have not been extensively reported in the public domain. As a saponin with anti-inflammatory properties, the compound could potentially be evaluated in animal models of inflammation, such as the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, the LPS-induced endotoxemia model, or models of inflammatory diseases. In such studies, the compound would be administered via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection, and endpoints would include inflammatory markers, tissue edema, and histological analysis. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy studies have not been widely published. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for in vitro studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Anemarsaponin E have not been extensively characterized in the public domain. The compound has a molecular formula of C46H78O19 and a molecular weight of 935.10 g/mol. It is also known as Timosaponin B I. As a steroidal saponin with a large molecular weight and multiple sugar moieties, Anemarsaponin E would be expected to have limited oral bioavailability and may be metabolized by intestinal microbiota. The compound is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. Comprehensive pharmacokinetic parameters including half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and oral bioavailability have not been reported.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Anemarsaponin E is intended for laboratory research use only and has not undergone comprehensive toxicology testing. As a saponin, the compound may have hemolytic activity and could affect cell membrane integrity at high concentrations. Standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays in cell lines are typically performed alongside efficacy studies to rule out nonspecific toxicity. In vivo, animals would be monitored for signs of toxicity if the compound were to be evaluated in animal studies. Comprehensive toxicological characterization including genotoxicity and repeated-dose toxicity studies has not been reported. The compound is not approved for human use and is strictly intended for research purposes.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(3b,5b,22a,25R)-furansterane-22-methoxy-3,26-diol 3-[glucosyl-(1->2)-glucosinolate] 26-glucosinolate is a steroidal saponin.
Anemarsaponin E is a bioactive saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge with notable anti-inflammatory properties. It has a molecular formula of C46H78O19 and a molecular weight of 935.10 g/mol. The compound is also known as Timosaponin B I. Anemarsaponin E is widely used in pharmacological research exploring herbal anti-inflammatory mechanisms, immune regulation, and natural-product-based therapeutics. The compound has not entered clinical trials and is available for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C46H78O19
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
935.1001
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| Exact Mass |
934.513
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| CAS # |
136565-73-6
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| PubChem CID |
74029732
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1016.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
160 - 161 °C
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| Flash Point |
568.6±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.614
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| LogP |
0.87
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
11
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
19
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
65
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| Complexity |
1580
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC
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| InChi Key |
FDASUPFDHLZNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C46H78O19/c1-20(19-59-41-38(56)35(53)32(50)28(16-47)61-41)8-13-46(58-5)21(2)31-27(65-46)15-26-24-7-6-22-14-23(9-11-44(22,3)25(24)10-12-45(26,31)4)60-43-40(37(55)34(52)30(18-49)63-43)64-42-39(57)36(54)33(51)29(17-48)62-42/h20-43,47-57H,6-19H2,1-5H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-[4-[16-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~106.94 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0694 mL | 5.3470 mL | 10.6940 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2139 mL | 1.0694 mL | 2.1388 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1069 mL | 0.5347 mL | 1.0694 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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