Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Topical corticosteroids are absorbed through normal, intact skin. Skin inflammation and/or other diseases can increase percutaneous absorption. Corticosteroids are primarily metabolized in the liver and then excreted by the kidneys. Some topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted via bile. Metabolism/Metabolites After absorption through the skin, the pharmacokinetic pathway of topical corticosteroids is similar to that of systemically administered corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are primarily metabolized in the liver and then excreted by the kidneys.

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Medication Use During Lactation
No studies have been conducted on the use of antinode during lactation. Since only large-area application of potent corticosteroids is likely to have systemic effects on the mother, short-term topical application of corticosteroids is unlikely to pose a risk to the nursing infant through breast milk. However, it is advisable to use the least potent medication on the smallest possible area of skin. It is especially important to ensure that the infant's skin does not come into direct contact with the treated area. Only low-potency corticosteroids should be used on the nipple or areola, where the infant may ingest the medication directly through the skin. Only water-soluble creams or gels should be applied to the breast, as ointments may expose the infant to high concentrations of mineral oil through licking. If topical corticosteroids are applied to the breast or nipple area, they should be thoroughly wiped off before breastfeeding.
◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants
A mother applied a topical corticosteroid (isofluprednisolone acetate) with high mineralocorticoid activity to her nipples, resulting in QT interval prolongation, Cushing's syndrome-like symptoms, severe hypertension, growth retardation, and electrolyte imbalance in her 2-month-old breastfed infant. The mother had been using the cream due to nipple pain since the infant's birth.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breast Milk
As of the revision date, no relevant published information was found.

[1]. Identification and characterization of triamcinolone acetonide, a microglial-activation inhibitor. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Dec;34(6):912-918.

[2]. Modulation of expression of epidermal Langerhans cell properties following in situ exposure to glucocorticosteroids. J Invest Dermatol. 1983 Mar;80(3):168-171.

[3]. Influence of depigmenting chemical agents on hair and skin color in yellow (pheomelanic) and black (eumelanic) mice. Pigment Cell Res.1990 Mar-Apr;3(2):71-79.

Amcinonide is a corticosteroid belonging to the 11β-hydroxysteroid, fluorinated steroid, 20-oxosteroid, acetate, spironolactone, and 3-oxo-Δ⁹Δ⁴-steroid classes. It is an anti-inflammatory drug. It is derived from the hydride of pregnane. Amcinonide is a corticosteroid. Amcinonide is a corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of Amcinonide is as a corticosteroid hormone receptor agonist. Amcinonide is a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist that mimics the metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities of natural glucocorticoids. Amcinonide interacts with and is internalized by specific corticosteroid receptors, leading to alterations in DNA binding and gene expression. This results in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators while simultaneously inhibiting the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune responses can be achieved. Drug Indications: For the relief of inflammatory and pruritus symptoms in corticosteroid-responsive dermatitis.
FDA Label
Mechanism of Action
The anti-inflammatory mechanism of topical steroids is generally not well understood. However, it is believed that the mechanism of action of corticosteroids is through inducing phospholipase A2-inhibiting proteins (collectively known as lipocortin). These proteins are presumed to control the biosynthesis of potent inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. Amcinonide has an affinity for glucocorticoid receptors. It has a weak affinity for progesterone receptors and almost no affinity for mineralocorticoid receptors, estrogen receptors, or androgen receptors.
Pharmacodynamics
Amcinonide is a topical corticosteroid. Topical corticosteroids are a class of drugs primarily composed of synthetic steroids used as anti-inflammatory and antipruritic agents. Amcinonide reduces or inhibits the effects of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation, redness, and swelling. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of topical corticosteroids is not fully understood. Various laboratory methods, including vasoconstriction tests, have been used to compare and predict the potency and/or clinical efficacy of topical corticosteroids. Some evidence suggests a clear association between vasoconstriction potency and treatment efficacy in humans. An oxanetinide ointment also helps the skin retain moisture.

C28H35FO7

502.57

502.237

51022-69-6

443958

White to off-white solid powder

1.33 g/cm3

635.9ºC at 760 mmHg

338.4ºC

1.586

3.523

1

8

4

36

1090

8

CC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@@]12[C@@H](C[C@@H]3[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@]4([C@H]3CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]54C)F)O)C)OC6(O2)CCCC6

ILKJAFIWWBXGDU-MOGDOJJUSA-N

InChI=1S/C28H35FO7/c1-16(30)34-15-22(33)28-23(35-26(36-28)9-4-5-10-26)13-20-19-7-6-17-12-18(31)8-11-24(17,2)27(19,29)21(32)14-25(20,28)3/h8,11-12,19-21,23,32H,4-7,9-10,13-15H2,1-3H3/t19-,20-,21-,23+,24-,25-,27-,28+/m0/s1

[2-[(1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,12R,13S)-12-fluoro-11-hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-16-oxospiro[5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-diene-6,1'-cyclopentane]-8-yl]-2-oxoethyl] acetate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~497.44 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)