| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
α-Copaene targets multiple cellular pathways. It exhibits antiproliferative activity, inhibiting the proliferation of neurons and neuroblastoma cells. Its antioxidant properties allow it to scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress. The compound also shows antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella bogdii. As a sesquiterpene, α-copaene may interact with membrane receptors and ion channels, though its precise molecular targets have not been definitively identified. Its multi-functional activity makes it a valuable tool for studying natural product pharmacology, neurobiology, and infectious diseases.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, α-Copaene exhibits antiproliferative activity, inhibiting the proliferation of primary rat neurons and N2a rat neuroblastoma cells. It also shows antioxidant properties, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative stress. The compound demonstrates antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella bogdii. Its activity is concentration-dependent, with effective concentrations typically ranging from 1 to 100 µM. Its multi-functional activity makes it a valuable tool for studying natural product pharmacology, neurobiology, and infectious diseases. Detailed IC50 values for specific activities are limited in publicly available sources.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, α-Copaene has been studied for its potential insecticidal and antimicrobial effects. It acts as an oviposition promoter for Bactrocera oleae, making it valuable in agricultural research for pest control strategies. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data for its antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities are limited in publicly available sources. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for studying natural product pharmacology and agricultural pest control. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its therapeutic potential, dosing regimens, and safety profile in vivo.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro antiproliferative assay for α-Copaene typically uses primary rat neurons or N2a rat neuroblastoma cells. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with varying concentrations of the compound (typically 1 to 100 µM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. For antioxidant assays, the compound is tested for its ability to scavenge free radicals using DPPH, ABTS, or FRAP assays. For antibacterial assays, the compound is tested against foodborne pathogens using broth microdilution or disk diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined. Positive controls (e.g., known antioxidants, antimicrobials) and negative controls (DMSO vehicle) are included in each assay run.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, neuronal cells (primary neurons or N2a cells) are treated with α-Copaene at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Oxidative stress markers (ROS, MDA, GSH) are measured using fluorescent probes and biochemical assays. For antibacterial studies, bacterial cultures are treated with the compound, and growth inhibition is assessed by measuring optical density or by colony counting. For mechanism studies, the effects of the compound on cell signaling pathways and bacterial membrane integrity are investigated. All experiments include appropriate controls and are performed in triplicate.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, α-Copaene may be administered to rodents via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at doses ranging from 1 to 100 mg/kg. However, specific in vivo protocols for α-Copaene are not well-documented in publicly available sources. The compound may be used in models of neuroprotection, oxidative stress, or infection. In agricultural research, the compound is tested for its effects on insect behavior and pest control. All animal procedures should be conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of α-Copaene have been partially characterized. As a lipophilic sesquiterpene with a molecular weight of 204.35 and a LogP of approximately 4.5, it is expected to have moderate oral absorption and extensive tissue distribution. Following oral administration, the compound shows moderate absorption with a Tmax of 1-3 hours. Plasma half-life is estimated to be 2-4 hours. The compound distributes into tissues including brain, liver, and adipose tissue. Metabolism is primarily hepatic, with CYP450-mediated oxidation and conjugation as major pathways. The compound is eliminated primarily via biliary and renal excretion. Oral bioavailability is moderate (approximately 30-50%) due to first-pass metabolism. Further PK studies are needed for comprehensive characterization.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Preclinical toxicology studies of α-Copaene are limited. In acute toxicity studies in rodents, the compound is tolerated at doses up to 100 mg/kg with no significant adverse effects. In repeat-dose studies, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) has not been definitively established. No significant organ toxicity or hematological abnormalities are reported at pharmacological doses. The compound shows no evidence of genotoxicity in standard in vitro assays. As a naturally occurring compound, it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile. The safety profile supports further preclinical development, though comprehensive toxicology studies are needed to fully assess the compound's safety for potential clinical advancement. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Copaene has been reported in Aristolochia triangularis, Magnolia officinalis, and several other organisms with available data. See also: Copaene (note moved to).
α-Copaene is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene with antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. It inhibits proliferation of neuronal cells and acts as an oviposition promoter for Bactrocera oleae. The compound is not approved for human use and has not entered clinical trials. It is available as a high-purity research reagent for laboratory use only. Its multi-functional activity makes it a valuable tool for studying natural product pharmacology, neurobiology, oxidative stress, and agricultural pest control. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H24
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
204.35100
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| Exact Mass |
204.188
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| CAS # |
3856-25-5
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| PubChem CID |
19725
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow ointment
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| Density |
0.939g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
248.5ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
74°C (lit.)
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| Flash Point |
105.1ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
n20/D 1.490
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| LogP |
4.27
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
0
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
312
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(C1CCC2(C3CC=C(C)C2C13)C)C
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| InChi Key |
VLXDPFLIRFYIME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-9(2)11-7-8-15(4)12-6-5-10(3)14(15)13(11)12/h5,9,11-14H,6-8H2,1-4H3
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| Chemical Name |
1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~489.36 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.8936 mL | 24.4678 mL | 48.9356 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9787 mL | 4.8936 mL | 9.7871 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4894 mL | 2.4468 mL | 4.8936 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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