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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Aceglutamide does not have a single well-defined molecular target but exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. It inhibits ASK1 and TRAF1, activates the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduces oxidative damage. It improves neuronal metabolism and acts as a precursor to glutamine. Aceglutamide also exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 through multiple mechanisms and shows slight inhibitory activity against human HDAC6.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, aceglutamide (10 µM; 24 h) inhibits apoptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation-injured PC12 cells and primary midbrain neurons. It improves mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), downregulates the pro-apoptotic factor TRAF1, and upregulates the Akt/Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. These cellular assays confirm the compound's neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic activities. Aceglutamide also exhibits slight inhibitory activity against human HDAC6.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, aceglutamide has been shown to improve neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis. It reduces cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and improves motor dysfunction. These effects suggest that aceglutamide has neuroprotective properties in models of ischemic stroke. The compound's ability to enhance antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce oxidative damage contributes to its in vivo efficacy.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In non-cell-based biochemical assays, aceglutamide's activities are evaluated using various methods. Its inhibition of ASK1 and TRAF1 is assessed using biochemical assays, while its antioxidant activity is measured using assays that detect reactive oxygen species or lipid peroxidation. Its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 has been evaluated in enzymatic assays. Its slight inhibitory activity against human HDAC6 has been measured using commercial and custom peptide substrates.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for aceglutamide involve testing its effects on cultured neurons and other cell types. PC12 cells and primary midbrain neurons subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury are treated with aceglutamide (10 µM; 24 h), and cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and signaling pathway activation are assessed. These assays have demonstrated aceglutamide's neuroprotective effects through inhibition of apoptosis and activation of survival pathways.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for aceglutamide have been conducted in models of cerebral ischemia. In these studies, aceglutamide has been shown to improve neurological deficits, reduce infarct volume, and inhibit neuronal apoptosis. It reduces cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and improves motor dysfunction. The compound is typically administered via oral or intraperitoneal routes in these studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Detailed pharmacokinetic properties of aceglutamide are limited in publicly available sources. The compound has a molecular weight of 188.18 and is a small molecule. As a derivative of the amino acid glutamine, it is expected to be well absorbed and distributed. The compound is soluble in DMSO at 13 mg/mL. Further pharmacokinetic characterization would be required for a complete understanding of its in vivo behavior.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for aceglutamide are limited in publicly available sources. As a psychoactive and nootropic agent that has been used clinically, its safety profile is generally favorable. The compound is not intended for human use in a research context and should be handled with appropriate safety precautions. Its safety profile is consistent with that of other amino acid derivatives.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
N-acetyl-L-glutamine is an L-configuration of N(2)-acetylglutamine, a human metabolic product. It is an N-acetyl-L-amino acid, N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine, and N(2)-acetylglutamine. It is the conjugate acid of N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid and an enantiomer of N(2)-acetyl-D-glutamine.
Aceglutamide (α-N-acetyl-L-glutamine) is a psychostimulant and nootropic agent used to improve memory and concentration. It has neuroprotective effects in models of cerebral ischemia, reducing infarct volume and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Its mechanism involves inhibition of ASK1 and TRAF1, activation of the Akt/Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway, and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity. Aceglutamide also exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. It is a research chemical and is not an approved drug in all regions. |
| Molecular Formula |
C7H12N2O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
188.18
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| Exact Mass |
188.079
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| CAS # |
2490-97-3
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| PubChem CID |
182230
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
419.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
206-208 °C
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| Flash Point |
207.2±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.550
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| LogP |
-0.71
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
227
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
KSMRODHGGIIXDV-YFKPBYRVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H12N2O4/c1-4(10)9-5(7(12)13)2-3-6(8)11/h5H,2-3H2,1H3,(H2,8,11)(H,9,10)(H,12,13)/t5-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
acetyl-L-glutamine
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| Synonyms |
Aceglutamide Acetylglutamine N(sup2)-Acetyl-L-glutamine NSC-186896 NSC186896NSC 186896
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~33.33 mg/mL (~177.12 mM)
DMSO : ~16.67 mg/mL (~88.59 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 16.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 16.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 20 mg/mL (106.28 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.3141 mL | 26.5703 mL | 53.1406 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0628 mL | 5.3141 mL | 10.6281 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5314 mL | 2.6570 mL | 5.3141 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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