| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Targets |
ThioLox specifically targets 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. 15-LOX-1 is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes that play important roles in inflammation, cell death, and lipid metabolism. The enzyme produces bioactive lipid mediators, including 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and lipoxins, which are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. ThioLox acts as a competitive inhibitor of 15-LOX-1, binding to the enzyme's active site and competing with the natural substrate. The compound exhibits a Ki of 3.30 μM and an IC50 of 12 μM for 15-LOX-1 inhibition. ThioLox is also reported to be an inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum aspartate carbamoyltransferase.
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| ln Vitro |
ThioLox responds to the active site of 15-LOX-1 non-covalently by exhibiting competitive inhibition [1]. In precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), ThioLox (50 μM; 24 h) reduces interleukin (IL). In neuronal cells, ThioLox (10 μM; 16 h) inhibits mitochondrial peroxidation and mitochondrial superoxide expression [1]. ThioLox (5–20 μM; 14–16 h) dramatically lowers neuronal cell death while shielding HT-22 cell scaffolds from glutathione toxicity[1].
In vitro, ThioLox inhibits 15-lipoxygenase-1 with a Ki of 3.30 μM and an IC50 of 12 μM. The compound demonstrates strong protection against glutamate toxicity in neuronal HT-22 cells, indicating significant neuroprotective properties. Glutamate toxicity is a model of excitotoxicity that is relevant to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. ThioLox inhibits increases in lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial superoxide formation induced by glutamate, as well as cell death. In precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), ThioLox inhibits pro-inflammatory gene expression, including IL-6 and IL-12b, demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity. The compound also shows anti-lipid peroxidation activity. |
| ln Vivo |
ThioLox has a logP value of 3 and the measured numerical predictive power crosses the blood-brain barrier [1].
In vivo activity of ThioLox has been investigated in preclinical models. As a 15-LOX-1 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, the compound is expected to modulate inflammatory responses and protect against neurotoxicity in vivo. The compound's inhibition of 15-LOX-1 reduces the production of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Its neuroprotective effects against glutamate toxicity suggest potential for treating neurodegenerative conditions. Specific in vivo efficacy data is available from the primary literature describing the compound. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The inhibitory activity of ThioLox against 15-lipoxygenase-1 is assessed using enzyme activity assays. Recombinant human 15-LOX-1 is incubated with a substrate (such as linoleic acid or arachidonic acid) in the presence of varying concentrations of the test compound. The production of hydroperoxy fatty acids is monitored spectrophotometrically at 234 nm (for conjugated diene formation) or using fluorometric detection. Ki values are calculated from the inhibition data using appropriate kinetic models. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Selectivity against other lipoxygenase isoforms (such as 5-LOX and 12-LOX) can be assessed using similar assays.
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| Cell Assay |
RT-PCR[1]
Cell Types: Precision- Formation[1]. Lung Sections (PCLS) Tested Concentrations: 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM Incubation Duration: 20 hrs (hours) mixed with 10 μM linoleic acid and stimulated with 10 ng/mL LPS for the last 4 hrs (hours). Experimental Results: At 50 μM, the pro-inflammatory gene IL- The expression of 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12b, TNFα and iNOS was inhibited by nearly 50%. Cell viability assay[1] Cell Types: Neuronal HT-22 Cell Tested Concentrations: 5, 10 and 20 μM Incubation Duration: 14-16 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Neuronal cell death was Dramatically diminished in response to glutamate toxicity. Cellular assays for ThioLox are performed using neuronal HT-22 cells for neuroprotection studies and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) for anti-inflammatory studies. For neuroprotection assays, HT-22 cells are treated with glutamate in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of ThioLox. Cell viability is measured using MTT or LDH release assays. Lipid peroxidation is assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) or other lipid peroxidation products. Mitochondrial superoxide formation is measured using fluorescent probes such as MitoSOX. For anti-inflammatory assays, PCLS are treated with the compound and stimulated with inflammatory stimuli. Pro-inflammatory gene expression (IL-6, IL-12b) is measured by qRT-PCR. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies of ThioLox are conducted in animal models of neuroinflammation or neurodegenerative diseases. The compound is typically administered via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or oral gavage. Tissues (including brain and lung) are collected for analysis of 15-LOX activity using enzyme assays. Lipid peroxidation markers are assessed. Inflammatory markers and cytokine levels are measured by ELISA or qRT-PCR. Neuroprotection is evaluated by assessing neuronal survival and tissue damage.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of ThioLox (molecular weight 274.38, molecular formula C15H18N2OS) have been characterized. The compound is soluble in DMSO at 100 mg/mL (364.46 mM). For in vivo administration, the compound is formulated in suitable vehicles. Storage recommendations include powder storage under appropriate conditions. Comprehensive PK parameters including oral bioavailability, half-life, and maximum concentration are available from the primary literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
ThioLox is intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic applications. Comprehensive toxicological evaluations have been conducted as part of preclinical development. The compound's mechanism of action—inhibiting 15-LOX-1 and reducing lipid peroxidation—suggests a favorable safety profile for neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory applications. However, potential effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses would be carefully evaluated in toxicology studies.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
ThioLox (Thiophene A9) is a competitive 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The compound inhibits 15-LOX-1 with a Ki of 3.30 μM and an IC50 of 12 μM. ThioLox demonstrates strong protection against glutamate toxicity in neuronal HT-22 cells by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial superoxide formation. The compound also inhibits pro-inflammatory gene expression in precision-cut lung slices. 15-LOX-1 is a key enzyme in the production of bioactive lipid mediators involved in inflammation and cell death. ThioLox is available with purity specifications for research use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C15H18N2OS
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| Molecular Weight |
274.381222248077
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| Exact Mass |
274.11
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 65.66; H, 6.61; N, 10.21; O, 5.83; S, 11.68
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| CAS # |
1202193-89-2
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| PubChem CID |
53383638
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
292
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1(N)SC(C2=CC=CC=C2)=CC=1C(NCCCC)=O
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| InChi Key |
QWWMJRJCSZMXHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H18N2OS/c1-2-3-9-17-15(18)12-10-13(19-14(12)16)11-7-5-4-6-8-11/h4-8,10H,2-3,9,16H2,1H3,(H,17,18)
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-N-butyl-5-phenylthiophene-3-carboxamide
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| Synonyms |
ThioLox,
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~364.46 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (9.11 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6446 mL | 18.2229 mL | 36.4458 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7289 mL | 3.6446 mL | 7.2892 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3645 mL | 1.8223 mL | 3.6446 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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