| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Targets |
Plantagoside specifically and non-competitively inhibits α-mannosidase, an enzyme involved in glycoprotein processing and lysosomal function. It shows potent inhibition of jack bean α-mannosidase (IC50 = 5 μM, Ki = 2.7 μM) and inhibits mouse liver lysosomal α-mannosidase (IC50 = 25 μM) and microsomal α-mannosidase (IC50 = 100 μM). The compound also suppresses antibody responses and lymphocyte proliferation, indicating immunomodulatory activity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Plantagoside potently and specifically inhibits jack bean α-mannosidase with an IC50 of 5 μM and a Ki of 2.7 μM. It shows weak to negligible inhibition against other glycosidases tested. The compound inhibits mouse liver lysosomal α-mannosidase (IC50 = 25 μM) and microsomal α-mannosidase (IC50 = 100 μM). Plantagoside (3-100 μg/mL; 4 days) dose-dependently suppresses antibody production against sheep red blood cells in cultured mouse spleen cells. It also inhibits Concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation.
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| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo data for Plantagoside are limited in the available literature. Given its α-mannosidase inhibitory activity and immunomodulatory properties, the compound has potential for in vivo studies in models of diabetes, immune disorders, and glycoprotein metabolism. Its ability to inhibit the Maillard reaction and AGE formation suggests potential for studying diabetic complications. However, specific published in vivo protocols for this compound are not detailed.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The α-mannosidase inhibitory activity is assessed using a biochemical enzyme assay. Jack bean α-mannosidase or other sources of the enzyme are incubated with a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate (e.g., p-nitrophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside) and various concentrations of Plantagoside. The release of the chromophore or fluorophore is measured spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically, and IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Ki values are determined from Lineweaver-Burk or Dixon plots.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, mouse spleen cells are cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with Plantagoside at various concentrations (3-100 μg/mL) for 4 days, and antibody production against sheep red blood cells is measured by hemolytic plaque assay or ELISA. Concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation is assessed by [³H]-thymidine incorporation or MTT assay. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for Plantagoside would be conducted in appropriate animal models. For diabetes research, the compound could be administered to diabetic or high-fat diet-induced obese rodents, with measurements of blood glucose, AGE levels, and markers of glycation. For immunomodulatory studies, models of immune activation or suppression would be used. However, specific published protocols for Plantagoside are not available. The compound would typically be administered via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Plantagoside are not extensively reported. As a flavanone glucoside, the compound is expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to poor membrane permeability and extensive intestinal metabolism (deglycosylation). The aglycone may be absorbed and undergo further metabolism. Pharmacokinetic studies would be required to determine the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As a natural product from Plantago asiatica, which has traditional medicinal uses, Plantagoside is generally considered to have a moderate safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and genotoxicity assessments have not been reported. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions in laboratory settings.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Plantago glycoside is a flavanone glycoside with a structure of (2S)-flavanone substituted with hydroxyl groups at positions 5, 7, 4', and 5', and substituted with a β-D-glucopyranoside at position 3'. It is a plant metabolite. Plantago glycoside belongs to the flavanone glycoside, tetrahydroxyflavanone, monosaccharide derivative, β-D-glucoside, and is also one of the 4'-hydroxyflavanone compounds. Its function is related to (2S)-flavanone. Plantago glycoside has been reported to exist in Plantago depressa, Plantago asiatica, and other organisms with relevant data.
Plantagoside is a flavanone glucoside from Plantago asiatica seeds that acts as a specific, non-competitive α-mannosidase inhibitor (IC50 = 5 μM, Ki = 2.7 μM). It also suppresses antibody responses and lymphocyte proliferation and inhibits the Maillard reaction and AGE formation. It is used in research on diabetes and glycoprotein metabolism. No clinical trials or approvals exist. For research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H22O12
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
466.3922
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| Exact Mass |
466.111
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 54.08; H, 4.75; O, 41.16
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| CAS # |
78708-33-5
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| PubChem CID |
174157
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.735
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| Boiling Point |
868.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
305.2±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.735
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| LogP |
-0.33
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
692
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
6
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| SMILES |
O1[C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]1([H])C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])OC1C(=C(C([H])=C(C=1[H])[C@]1([H])C([H])([H])C(C2=C(C([H])=C(C([H])=C2O1)O[H])O[H])=O)O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
SNFFBROYEDWRGB-NHXQFOETSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H22O12/c22-6-15-18(28)19(29)20(30)21(33-15)32-14-2-7(1-11(26)17(14)27)12-5-10(25)16-9(24)3-8(23)4-13(16)31-12/h1-4,12,15,18-24,26-30H,5-6H2/t12-,15+,18+,19-,20+,21+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
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| Synonyms |
Plantagoside
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~214.41 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.36 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.36 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.36 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1441 mL | 10.7206 mL | 21.4413 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4288 mL | 2.1441 mL | 4.2883 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2144 mL | 1.0721 mL | 2.1441 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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