| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphonoacetic acid targets viral DNA polymerases, specifically the virus-induced DNA polymerases of herpesviruses. Kinetic analyses indicate that phosphonoacetate does not interfere with the binding of DNA template to polymerase and does not compete with nucleotide substrate binding. The compound also inhibits cellular DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma, as well as reverse transcriptases, but at higher concentrations. The inhibition is non-competitive with respect to substrates and uncompetitive with activated DNA template. |
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| ln Vitro |
Phosphonoacetic acid demonstrates potent in vitro inhibition of herpesvirus DNA polymerases. It specifically inhibits DNA synthesis of human cytomegalovirus, murine CMV, simian CMV, Epstein-Barr virus, and Herpesvirus saimiri. The compound inhibits the activity of virus-specific DNA polymerase in vitro. Studies of partially purified enzymes indicated that phosphonoacetic acid specifically inhibited virus-induced DNA polymerase and had only a slight effect on normal host cell enzymes.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of phosphonoacetic acid has been demonstrated in animal models. Intraperitoneal administration of the drug reduced death and severity of disease in experimental encephalitis in hamsters. The compound was effective therapeutically in herpesvirus skin and ocular infections in animals. It has shown reproducible efficacy in lower animals.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for phosphonoacetic acid involve measuring its inhibition of viral DNA polymerase activity. The assay typically uses partially purified virus-induced DNA polymerase and measures the incorporation of radiolabeled nucleotides into DNA in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound. Kinetic analyses can determine the mechanism of inhibition, which has been shown to be non-competitive with respect to substrates and uncompetitive with activated DNA template.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for phosphonoacetic acid involve treating virus-infected cells with varying concentrations of the compound and measuring viral DNA synthesis. Human cytomegalovirus DNA synthesis in virus-infected human fibroblasts is specifically inhibited as detected by virus-specific nucleic acid hybridization. The compound's cytotoxicity is evaluated using standard cell viability assays, with low toxicity observed at antiviral concentrations.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for phosphonoacetic acid have been conducted in hamster models of herpesvirus encephalitis. The compound is administered intraperitoneally, and efficacy is evaluated by measuring death rates and severity of disease. The compound has also been evaluated in models of herpesvirus skin and ocular infections.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for phosphonoacetic acid indicate that it is a pyrophosphate analog with antiviral properties. The compound has a molecular weight of 95.98 and a molecular formula of C2H5O5P. It is soluble in water and should be stored under appropriate conditions. Its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties have been partially characterized in animal studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for phosphonoacetic acid indicate low cellular toxicity, as normal cellular polymerases are relatively insensitive to the compound. The compound has shown reproducible efficacy in lower animals with an acceptable safety profile. However, it should be handled with appropriate safety precautions in research settings.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Phosphonoacetic acid belongs to the phosphonate class of compounds, in which the hydrogen atom bonded to phosphorus is replaced by a carboxymethyl group. It possesses antiviral activity and is an inhibitor of EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase). It is a monocarboxylic acid belonging to the phosphonate class. Its function is related to both phosphonates and acetic acid. It is the conjugate acid of phosphonoacetic acid (2-). Phosphonoacetic acid is a metabolite of Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Sodium phosphonate is the sodium salt preparation of phosphonoacetic acid, active against herpes simplex virus and other members of the herpesvirus family. Ammonium phosphide inhibits viral DNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. Phosphonoacetic acid is an antiviral drug effective against herpes simplex virus and other members of the herpesvirus family. Phosphonoacetic acid inhibits viral DNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially effective against viruses, and is used as an antiviral drug.
Phosphonoacetic acid (CAS#: 4408-78-0) has the molecular formula C2H5O5P and a molecular weight of 95.98. It is a specific inhibitor of virus-induced DNA polymerases with antiviral activity against herpesviruses. Sensitivity to phosphonoacetate is also a useful research tool as a genetic marker for herpesviruses. The compound's high specificity and low toxicity suggested its potential as a useful antiviral drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C2H5O5P
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
140.03
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| Exact Mass |
139.987
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| CAS # |
4408-78-0
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| PubChem CID |
546
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.858g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
490.2ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
143-146 °C(lit.)
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| LogP |
-2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
133
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
XUYJLQHKOGNDPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C2H5O5P/c3-2(4)1-8(5,6)7/h1H2,(H,3,4)(H2,5,6,7)
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| Chemical Name |
2-phosphonoacetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : 260 mg/mL (1856.74 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (714.13 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.1413 mL | 35.7066 mL | 71.4133 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4283 mL | 7.1413 mL | 14.2827 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7141 mL | 3.5707 mL | 7.1413 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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