| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
GSK3β Inhibitor II specifically targets glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase. GSK3β is a key regulator of numerous cellular processes including glycogen metabolism, Wnt signaling, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and neuronal development. The kinase is constitutively active in resting cells and is inactivated by phosphorylation at Ser9 in response to various stimuli. GSK3β is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (where it phosphorylates tau protein), cancer (where it regulates cell proliferation and survival), and diabetes (where it regulates glycogen synthesis and insulin signaling). The compound inhibits GSK3β with an IC50 of 390 nM, and it forms a hydrogen bond with Val135 in the kinase active site.
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| ln Vitro |
GSK3β inhibitor II reacts ionic to Lys85, hydrogen bonds to Lys85 and Val135 residues, and correspondingly to Ile62, Phe67, Val70, Ala83, and Leu188 residues [1]. Val135 and GSK3β inhibitor II establish a hydrogen bond[1].
In vitro, GSK3β Inhibitor II exhibits potent and selective inhibition of GSK3β with an IC50 of 390 nM. The compound binds to the ATP-binding pocket of GSK3β, forming a hydrogen bond with Val135. By inhibiting GSK3β, the compound blocks the phosphorylation of GSK3β substrates, including glycogen synthase, β-catenin, and tau protein. The compound's selectivity for GSK3β over other kinases contributes to its utility as a research tool for studying GSK3β-mediated signaling pathways. GSK3β Inhibitor II has been studied in various in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and diabetes. Specific IC50 values and detailed in vitro activity data are available from the primary literature. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, GSK3β Inhibitor II has been investigated in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease and other conditions where GSK3β is implicated. By inhibiting GSK3β, the compound is expected to reduce tau phosphorylation and modulate amyloid-beta pathology in Alzheimer's disease models. In cancer models, GSK3β inhibition may affect tumor cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance. In diabetes models, GSK3β inhibition may enhance glycogen synthesis and insulin sensitivity. Specific in vivo efficacy data is available from the primary literature describing the compound.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The inhibitory activity of GSK3β Inhibitor II is assessed using standard kinase activity assays. Recombinant human GSK3β enzyme is incubated with a peptide substrate (such as a phosphorylated glycogen synthase peptide) and ATP (typically ³³P-ATP) in the presence of varying concentrations of the test compound. The phosphorylation of the substrate is quantified by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled phosphate or using fluorescence-based detection methods. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves by plotting percent inhibition versus compound concentration. Selectivity against other kinases is assessed using similar assays with a panel of recombinant kinases.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for GSK3β Inhibitor II are performed using cell lines relevant to the disease being studied. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for specified time periods. GSK3β activity is assessed by measuring the phosphorylation levels of known GSK3β substrates, such as glycogen synthase (Ser641), β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41), or tau protein (Ser396/404), using Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies. Cell viability and proliferation are assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or CellTiter-Glo assays. In Alzheimer's disease models, tau phosphorylation and amyloid-beta levels are measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies of GSK3β Inhibitor II are conducted in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, cancer, diabetes, or other relevant conditions. The compound is typically administered via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or oral gavage, with formulation in suitable vehicles such as DMSO, PEG-based solutions, or saline suspensions. In Alzheimer's disease models (e.g., transgenic mice expressing mutant APP or tau), endpoints include assessment of tau phosphorylation, amyloid-beta pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function using behavioral tests. In cancer models, tumor growth inhibition is monitored. In diabetes models, blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of GSK3β Inhibitor II (molecular weight 395.22, molecular formula C14H10IN3OS) have been characterized. The compound is formulated in suitable vehicles for in vivo administration. Storage recommendations include powder storage under appropriate conditions. Comprehensive PK parameters including oral bioavailability, half-life, and maximum concentration are available from the primary literature. The compound's molecular properties, including its iodine-containing structure, may influence its pharmacokinetic and distribution characteristics.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
GSK3β Inhibitor II is intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic applications. Comprehensive toxicological evaluations, including acute and repeat-dose toxicity studies in animal models, have been conducted as part of preclinical development. GSK3β is a multifunctional kinase involved in numerous cellular processes, and its inhibition may have diverse biological effects that would be carefully evaluated in toxicology studies. Standard safety pharmacology assessments would include evaluation of effects on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and glucose metabolism.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-[(3-iodophenyl)methylthio]-5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole is an aryl thioether.
GSK3β Inhibitor II is a research-grade compound used as a pharmacological tool for studying GSK3β biology and for validating GSK3β as a therapeutic target. GSK3β is a multifunctional kinase that plays critical roles in glycogen metabolism, Wnt signaling, cell cycle regulation, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity. The kinase is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (through tau phosphorylation), cancer (through regulation of cell proliferation and survival), and diabetes (through regulation of glycogen synthesis and insulin signaling). GSK3β Inhibitor II forms a hydrogen bond with Val135 in the kinase active site and exhibits an IC50 of 390 nM. The compound is available with purity ≥95%. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H10IN3OS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
395.219
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| Exact Mass |
394.959
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 42.55; H, 2.55; I, 32.11; N, 10.63; O, 4.05; S, 8.11
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| CAS # |
478482-75-6
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| PubChem CID |
6539732
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
4.028
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
304
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
ZRHRPGSSSVYBRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H10IN3OS/c15-12-3-1-2-10(8-12)9-20-14-18-17-13(19-14)11-4-6-16-7-5-11/h1-8H,9H2
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| Chemical Name |
Pyridine, 4-[5-[[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]thio]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-
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| Synonyms |
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor II; GSK-3 inhibitor II; KIN 001-042; KIN-001-042; KIN001-042; KIN001042; KIN 001042; KIN-001042;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~126.51 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5302 mL | 12.6512 mL | 25.3024 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5060 mL | 2.5302 mL | 5.0605 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2530 mL | 1.2651 mL | 2.5302 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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