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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Cleavable Linker
Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH does not have a specific biological target itself but serves as a cleavable linker for bioconjugation. The peptide sequence Gly-Gly-Phe is recognized by cathepsin B and other proteases that are overexpressed in tumor cells, enabling selective drug release. As an ADC linker, it enables the conjugation of cytotoxic payloads to antibodies, facilitating selective delivery of drugs to cancer cells. The Fmoc protecting group allows for controlled peptide synthesis and conjugation. |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro activity of Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH is assessed by its ability to form stable conjugates with antibodies and its selective cleavage by cathepsin B. The efficiency of conjugation to antibodies is evaluated by SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry, and HPLC. The cleavable nature of the peptide linker is confirmed by incubation with cathepsin B or other relevant proteases, followed by analysis of conjugate stability and drug release by HPLC or LC-MS. Cell binding and internalization studies are conducted using target-positive and target-negative cell lines to assess specificity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies for Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH are typically conducted as part of complete ADC development. The ADC is evaluated in mouse xenograft models bearing target-positive tumors. Efficacy is assessed by tumor growth inhibition, and pharmacokinetic studies evaluate the stability of the linker in circulation. The peptide-based cleavable linker is designed to enable selective drug release in the tumor microenvironment where cathepsin B and other proteases are overexpressed. This selective release mechanism enhances therapeutic index and reduces systemic toxicity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For conjugation assays, Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH is activated at the carboxylic acid group and conjugated to antibodies or targeting proteins. The reaction is typically conducted in the presence of coupling reagents such as HATU or EDC. The extent of conjugation is monitored by SDS-PAGE or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. For cleavage studies, the conjugate is incubated with cathepsin B or other proteases at 37°C, and the release of payload is analyzed by HPLC or LC-MS. The stability of the conjugate in plasma is assessed by incubation in mouse or human plasma at 37°C.
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| Cell Assay |
Target-positive cancer cell lines are cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH-containing ADC conjugates at various concentrations for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays, and IC50 values are calculated. Cell binding is evaluated by flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled conjugates, and internalization is assessed using confocal microscopy or pH-sensitive dyes. For protease-dependent activity, cells are co-treated with cathepsin inhibitors to confirm the cleavage mechanism.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo efficacy studies, immunodeficient mice bearing target-positive tumor xenografts are administered the complete ADC (containing Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH as the linker) via intravenous injection. Dosing typically involves multiple injections at 1-2 week intervals. Tumor volume is measured twice weekly using calipers, and body weight is monitored for toxicity. At study termination, tumors and major organs are collected for histopathological analysis and drug concentration measurement. Pharmacokinetic studies assess ADC stability and drug release in circulation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH are characterized as part of the complete ADC. The peptide-based linker provides a cleavable mechanism for drug release in the tumor microenvironment. The Fmoc protecting group is typically removed during synthesis, and the final ADC contains the Gly-Gly-Phe peptide linker. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life, clearance, and volume of distribution depend on the specific antibody and payload used in the conjugate. The compound is typically stored at -20°C.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH is a chemical reagent intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. As a cleavable ADC linker, it enables selective drug release in the tumor microenvironment through cleavage by cathepsin B and other proteases. The peptide-based linker is used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates for cancer research. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH is a cleavable ADC linker with molecular formula C28H27N3O6 and molecular weight 501.53. It is an N-terminally Fmoc-protected tripeptide (Gly-Gly-Phe) with a free carboxylic acid group. The peptide sequence enables cleavage by cathepsin B in the tumor microenvironment. The compound is used in ADC synthesis and peptide research. It is for research use only and has not been approved for clinical applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C28H27N3O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
501.53
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| Exact Mass |
501.189
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| CAS # |
160036-44-2
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| Related CAS # |
Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH;160036-44-2
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| PubChem CID |
14598599
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
3.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
37
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| Complexity |
792
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1C2=C(C3=C(C2COC(NCC(NCC(N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC2=CC=CC=C2)=O)=O)=O)C=CC=C3)C=CC=1
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| InChi Key |
UFGUUZVZUIXKQZ-DEOSSOPVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H27N3O6/c32-25(29-16-26(33)31-24(27(34)35)14-18-8-2-1-3-9-18)15-30-28(36)37-17-23-21-12-6-4-10-19(21)20-11-5-7-13-22(20)23/h1-13,23-24H,14-17H2,(H,29,32)(H,30,36)(H,31,33)(H,34,35)/t24-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 240 mg/mL (478.54 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 6 mg/mL (11.96 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 60.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 6 mg/mL (11.96 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 60.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 6 mg/mL (11.96 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9939 mL | 9.9695 mL | 19.9390 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3988 mL | 1.9939 mL | 3.9878 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1994 mL | 0.9969 mL | 1.9939 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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