Ethidium bromide

Alias: Dromilac; ETHIDIUM BROMIDE; EtBr; Homidium bromide
Cat No.:V60139 Purity: ≥98%
Ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent that is frequently utilized in molecular biology labs as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) for procedures like agarose gel electrophoresis.
Ethidium bromide Chemical Structure CAS No.: 1239-45-8
Product category: DNA Stain
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Product Description
Ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent that is frequently utilized in molecular biology labs as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) for procedures like agarose gel electrophoresis.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) is occasionally added to the running buffer when using agarose gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments. It is utilized because the DNA banding pattern can be seen when the molecule binds to the DNA and is illuminated with a UV light source. Intercalation between base pairs is how EtBr binds. The DNA molecule's weight, charge, conformation, and flexibility are all altered by this binding. DNA has always moved less freely in the gels containing EtBr[1].
References

[1]. Electrophoresis . 1996 Oct;17(10):1524-7.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C21H20BRN3
Molecular Weight
394.31
Exact Mass
393.08
Elemental Analysis
C, 63.97; H, 5.11; Br, 20.26; N, 10.66
CAS #
1239-45-8
Related CAS #
1239-45-8 (Br); 3546-21-2; 602-52-8 (Cl)
Appearance
Powder
SMILES
CC[N+]1=C2C=C(C=CC2=C3C=CC(=CC3=C1C4=CC=CC=C4)N)N.[Br-]
InChi Key
ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C21H19N3.BrH/c1-2-24-20-13-16(23)9-11-18(20)17-10-8-15(22)12-19(17)21(24)14-6-4-3-5-7-14;/h3-13,23H,2,22H2,1H3;1H
Chemical Name
5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine;bromide
Synonyms
Dromilac; ETHIDIUM BROMIDE; EtBr; Homidium bromide
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO : ~78 mg/mL (~197.8 mM)
Ethanol : ~1 mg/mL (~2.5 mM)
Water : ~7 mg/mL (~17.8 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.28 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.28 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: 9.09 mg/mL (23.05 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C).


 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.5361 mL 12.6804 mL 25.3608 mL
5 mM 0.5072 mL 2.5361 mL 5.0722 mL
10 mM 0.2536 mL 1.2680 mL 2.5361 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
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  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
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  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
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  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
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Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
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  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

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