| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HIV-1 0.38 μM (IC50) Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Vacuolar type H+-ATPase 17 nM (IC50)
The primary targets of Diphyllin include V-ATPase, HIV-1, and various viruses. As a V-ATPase inhibitor, it blocks lysosomal acidification in human osteoclasts and inhibits acid influx with an IC₅₀ of 0.6 nM. It inhibits HIV-1 with an IC₅₀ of 0.38 µM and shows activity against VSV and influenza viruses. Diphyllin also inhibits NO production and has anticancer activity through inhibition of LRP6 phosphorylation in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Diphyllin demonstrates potent V-ATPase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 17 nM. It potently inhibits lysosomal acidification in human osteoclasts and blocks acid influx with an IC₅₀ of 0.6 nM. Diphyllin shows antiviral activity against HIV-1 (IC₅₀ = 0.38 µM), VSV, and influenza viruses. It inhibits NO production with an IC₅₀ of 50 µM and exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting LRP6 phosphorylation in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It also reduces viral titers in Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 with an EC₅₀ of 1.92 µM.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Diphyllin is orally active and has demonstrated anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. As a V-ATPase inhibitor, it inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by blocking lysosomal acidification. The compound's oral bioavailability and in vivo efficacy have been characterized in animal models. However, detailed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are limited. The compound shows potential for treating gastric cancer by inhibiting V-ATPase and Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Diphyllin typically involve V-ATPase inhibition studies. The enzyme is incubated with varying concentrations of Diphyllin (0.1-1000 nM) in appropriate buffer at 37°C. ATPase activity is measured by monitoring the release of inorganic phosphate using a colorimetric assay. The IC₅₀ value is calculated from the dose-response curve. HIV-1 inhibition is assessed using antiviral assays in infected cells, and viral replication is measured by p24 antigen ELISA or RT-PCR.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Diphyllin involve testing its antiviral and anticancer activities. For antiviral studies, Vero cells infected with HIV-1, VSV, influenza virus, or SARS-CoV-2 are treated with serial dilutions of Diphyllin (0.01-100 µM). Viral titers are measured after 48-72 hours of infection. For anticancer studies, cancer cell lines are treated with Diphyllin, and cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. NO production is measured in LPS-stimulated macrophages using the Griess assay.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Diphyllin involve efficacy testing in tumor-bearing or infection models. For anticancer evaluation, tumor xenograft models receive Diphyllin via oral administration at various doses. Tumor volume and body weight are monitored over 2-4 weeks. For anti-inflammatory studies, animal models of inflammation are used to assess the compound's effects on inflammatory markers. However, detailed in vivo protocols are limited, and most studies have focused on in vitro characterization.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Diphyllin include its oral bioavailability and metabolic stability. As a lignan natural product, it has a molecular weight of approximately 380-400 (depending on the specific form). The compound is orally active, indicating good absorption and bioavailability. However, detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and AUC are not well characterized in the literature. Further pharmacokinetic studies would be needed to fully understand its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Diphyllin has not been extensively characterized. As a natural product, it is generally considered to have moderate toxicity. Standard toxicity studies would include assessment of acute oral toxicity, repeated-dose toxicity, and genotoxicity in animal models. The compound is intended for research use only and has not been approved for clinical use. Further toxicological studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile for therapeutic applications.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Diphyllin is a lignan. It has been reported to be found in Phyllanthus septemlobus, Kirschner's lignan, and other organisms with relevant data.
Diphyllin (CAS 22055-22-7) is a naturally occurring arylnaphthalene lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens and other plant sources. It is a potent V-ATPase inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 17 nM) and HIV-1 inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 0.38 µM). It has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities and inhibits NO production (IC₅₀ = 50 µM). The compound is orally active and shows activity against VSV, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. It is intended for research use only and is not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H16O7
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
380.35
|
| Exact Mass |
380.09
|
| CAS # |
22055-22-7
|
| PubChem CID |
100492
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to gray solid powder
|
| Density |
1.445g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
638.8ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
290 ºC (methanol )
|
| Flash Point |
232.4ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
6.53E-17mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.679
|
| LogP |
3.628
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
28
|
| Complexity |
597
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
VMEJANRODATDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H16O7/c1-24-15-6-11-12(7-16(15)25-2)20(22)13-8-26-21(23)19(13)18(11)10-3-4-14-17(5-10)28-9-27-14/h3-7,22H,8-9H2,1-2H3
|
| Chemical Name |
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3H-benzo[f][2]benzofuran-1-one
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 14.29 mg/mL (37.57 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (3.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 14.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (3.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 14.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6292 mL | 13.1458 mL | 26.2916 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5258 mL | 2.6292 mL | 5.2583 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2629 mL | 1.3146 mL | 2.6292 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
