| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Kd: 3 nM (Calmodulin)[3]
Calmodulin (CaM) is the primary high-affinity target, with a binding affinity (Kd) of 3 nM. It also targets calcium channel proteins and inhibits calmodulin-mediated activation of calcium-dependent enzymes. Additionally, calmidazolium chloride acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of hSARM1 with an IC50 of 10.8 μM. |
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| ln Vitro |
In addition to its common usage as a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, carbamazole is also known to cause apoptosis in specific cancer cell lines. Mouse F9 ECC development is inhibited by trimetazolium chloride (3, 5, 7, 10 μM, 30 minutes-24 hours) [2].
Calmidazolium chloride antagonizes CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase with an IC50 of 0.15 μM and inhibits calmodulin-induced activation of erythrocyte Ca2+-transporting ATPase with an IC50 of 0.35 μM. In HeLa cells, it stimulates a calcium entry pathway distinct from store-operated calcium influx. It inhibits constitutive NOS activity without affecting inducible NOS in rat aorta. It also inhibits calmodulin N-methyltransferase activity and selectively kills embryonal carcinoma stem-like cells at 3-10 μM while sparing normal ESCs. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, calmidazolium chloride has been shown to cause cardiotoxicity attributed to calcium overload, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and apoptosis. It induces high calcium fluctuations in Plasmodium falciparum and inhibits the growth of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. The compound has been used to study the role of calmodulin in neuronal NOS (nNOS) in neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells, indirectly increasing cGMP levels.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme/receptor binding assays, calmidazolium chloride is typically evaluated in cell-free systems using purified calmodulin. Binding affinity is determined via fluorescence polarization or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. The Kd for calmodulin binding is measured at 3 nM using radioligand binding or competitive displacement experiments. Phosphodiesterase activity is assessed using a colorimetric or radiometric assay with calmodulin as a cofactor, and IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[2]
Cell Types: Mouse F9 ECCs Tested Concentrations: 3, 5, 7, 10 μM Incubation Duration: 30 minutes-24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: The IC50s of Calmidazolium chloride treated F9 ECCs and E14 ESCs are 8.18 μM, and 12.69 μM[2]. In vitro cellular assays are performed using various cell lines including HL-60, HeLa, and neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells. Cells are treated with calmidazolium chloride at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM for 24-48 hours. Intracellular calcium levels are measured using fluorescent indicators such as Fura-2 or Fluo-4. Cell viability is assessed via MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining or caspase activity assays. The compound causes elevation of intracellular calcium in HL-60 cells at an EC50 of 3 μM. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies typically utilize mouse or rat models. Calmidazolium chloride is administered via intravenous or intraperitoneal injection at doses ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg. In rat aortic ring assays, the compound inhibits constitutive NOS activity. In mouse models, it has been used to study embryonal carcinoma growth inhibition. Pharmacodynamic endpoints include blood pressure measurements, tissue NOS activity, cGMP levels, and histological examination of cardiac tissue for toxicity assessment.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of calmidazolium chloride are characterized by its cell-permeable nature, allowing efficient cellular uptake. It is soluble in DMSO and ethanol up to 100 mM. The compound is typically stored at 4°C. Due to its lipophilic imidazolium structure, it is expected to have high tissue distribution and moderate plasma protein binding. Metabolic stability and half-life data are limited, but the compound is primarily used in vitro, with in vivo applications focusing on acute pharmacological effects rather than chronic dosing.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological profiles indicate that calmidazolium chloride can cause cardiotoxicity attributed to calcium overload, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and apoptosis. It exhibits cytotoxicity in various cell lines at micromolar concentrations. The compound is classified as hazardous and requires appropriate safety precautions during handling. In embryonal carcinoma stem-like cells, it selectively induces cell death at 3-10 μM while sparing normal embryonic stem cells, suggesting a degree of selective toxicity.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Calcium imidazole chloride is an organochloride salt of calcium imidazole. It is a calmodulin antagonist and an apoptosis inducer. It contains calcium imidazole.
Calmidazolium chloride is also known as R 24571 and has the molecular formula C31H23Cl7N2O with a molecular weight of 687.7 g/mol. It is a potent calmodulin antagonist that is ≥150-fold more potent than trifluoperazine. The compound completely blocks TRPV1 in a non-competitive manner, whereas other CaM antagonists like W-7 and W-13 provide only partial inhibition. It is used in autophagy and cancer research, and has been investigated for potential therapeutic applications in cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, and stroke. It is for research use only and not for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C31H23CL7N2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
687.70
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| Exact Mass |
683.963
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| CAS # |
57265-65-3
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| Related CAS # |
57265-65-3 (chloride);95013-41-5 (cation);
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| PubChem CID |
644274
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
724.9ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
172-176ºC
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| LogP |
7.295
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
41
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| Complexity |
742
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
YGEIMSMISRCBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C31H23Cl6N2O.ClH/c32-23-6-1-20(2-7-23)31(21-3-8-24(33)9-4-21)39-14-13-38(19-39)17-30(27-12-11-26(35)16-29(27)37)40-18-22-5-10-25(34)15-28(22)36;/h1-16,19,30-31H,17-18H2;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
1-[bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]imidazol-3-ium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (145.41 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.4541 mL | 7.2706 mL | 14.5412 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2908 mL | 1.4541 mL | 2.9082 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1454 mL | 0.7271 mL | 1.4541 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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