| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
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| Targets |
Blumeatin targets xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme involved in purine metabolism that generates uric acid and reactive oxygen species. By inhibiting XO, the compound reduces uric acid production and oxidative stress. Blumeatin also inhibits caspase-1, an enzyme involved in the inflammatory pathway that processes pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. The compound exhibits antioxidant properties through free radical scavenging activity, and its hepatoprotective effects suggest modulation of pathways involved in liver injury and repair.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Blumeatin exhibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activity. It shows xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity, which contributes to reduced uric acid production and oxidative stress. The compound inhibits caspase-1, reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Blumeatin promotes adipocyte differentiation as characterized by increased triglyceride levels, enhanced lipid droplet accumulation, and upregulation of adipocyte-specific genes aP2 and GLUT4. These activities confirm its multi-target pharmacological potential.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Blumeatin protects the liver against injury induced by CCl₄ and thioacetamide (TAA), demonstrating significant hepatoprotective effects. It inhibits the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and liver triglyceride, and increases serum triglyceride. These findings suggest that Blumeatin may have therapeutic potential for liver diseases. Specific dosing regimens and detailed in vivo protocols are not extensively reported in the available literature. The compound's hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities warrant further in vivo investigation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity is assessed using a spectrophotometric assay. Xanthine oxidase enzyme is incubated with xanthine substrate and various concentrations of Blumeatin. The production of uric acid is measured spectrophotometrically at 295 nm, and IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Antioxidant activity is assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS, or FRAP assays. Caspase-1 inhibitory activity is assessed using fluorometric or colorimetric enzyme assays with appropriate substrates.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are differentiated into adipocytes using a standard differentiation cocktail. Blumeatin is added during differentiation, and adipocyte differentiation is assessed by Oil Red O staining for lipid droplets, triglyceride measurement, and qPCR or Western blot for adipocyte-specific markers such as aP2 and GLUT4. For anti-inflammatory studies, macrophages or other immune cells are treated with Blumeatin and stimulated with LPS, and IL-1β levels are measured by ELISA. Hepatoprotective effects are assessed in hepatocyte cell lines exposed to toxicants.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo hepatoprotective studies are conducted in rodent models of liver injury. Mice or rats are treated with CCl₄ or TAA to induce liver damage, followed by administration of Blumeatin via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Liver injury is assessed by measuring serum ALT and AST levels, liver histopathology, and markers of oxidative stress. For adipocyte differentiation studies in vivo, appropriate metabolic models would be used. However, specific published protocols for Blumeatin are limited.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Blumeatin are not reported. As a flavonoid, the compound is expected to have variable oral bioavailability due to extensive metabolism. Pharmacokinetic studies would be required to determine parameters such as half-life, Cmax, oral bioavailability, and tissue distribution in animal models. The compound's stability in biological matrices and protein binding properties would also require characterization.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Blumeatin are limited. As a natural product from Blumea balsamifera, which has traditional medicinal uses, the compound is generally considered to have a moderate safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and genotoxicity assessments have not been reported. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions in laboratory settings.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Blumeatin is a flavonoid compound, belonging to the ether class of compounds. It has been reported that bromelain is found in Vitex agnus-castus and Dodonaea viscosa, and relevant data are available for reference.
Blumeatin is a flavonoid from Blumea balsamifera with XO inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties, and caspase-1 inhibition. It shows hepatoprotective effects against CCl₄ and TAA-induced liver injury and promotes adipocyte differentiation. No clinical trials or approvals exist. For research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H14O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
302.27876
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| Exact Mass |
302.079
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| CAS # |
118024-26-3
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| PubChem CID |
70696494
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
603.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
229.7±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.665
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| LogP |
2.65
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
403
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
COC1=CC(=C2C(=O)CC(OC2=C1)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
YEYLMQKEGSQNGZ-AWEZNQCLSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H14O6/c1-21-11-5-12(19)16-13(20)7-14(22-15(16)6-11)8-2-9(17)4-10(18)3-8/h2-6,14,17-19H,7H2,1H3/t14-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~827.05 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3082 mL | 16.5410 mL | 33.0819 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6616 mL | 3.3082 mL | 6.6164 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3308 mL | 1.6541 mL | 3.3082 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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