| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Non-cleavable Linker
The primary targets of Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride are the linker structures in ADC and PROTAC technologies. As a non-cleavable ADC linker, it connects the antibody to the cytotoxic payload, providing stability to the conjugate. In PROTAC applications, it links the E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand to the target protein ligand, facilitating the formation of a ternary complex that leads to targeted protein degradation. The compound does not directly bind to enzymes or receptors but serves as a structural component. |
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| ln Vitro |
ADC cytotoxins are connected to antibodies through an ADC connector to form ADCs [1]. Two distinct ligands, one for the E3 ubiquitin ligase and the other for the target protein, are present in PROTAC and are joined by a linker. PROTAC selectively degrades target proteins by means of the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system [2].
In vitro, this compound functions as a structural linker in ADC and PROTAC molecules. ADC cytotoxins are attached to antibodies through this linker to form stable ADCs. For PROTACs, two distinct ligands—one for the E3 ubiquitin ligase and the other for the target protein—are joined by the linker. The resulting PROTAC selectively degrades target proteins via the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system. The compound itself does not exhibit direct cellular activity but enables the bioactivity of the conjugated therapeutic agent. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride is realized through the ADC or PROTAC constructs in which it is incorporated. As a non-cleavable linker, it provides stability to the ADC in circulation, ensuring the cytotoxic payload remains attached until target cell engagement. For PROTACs, the linker facilitates the formation of the ternary complex between target protein and E3 ligase, leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The in vivo efficacy depends on the specific antibody or targeting ligand used in the conjugate.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for this compound focus on evaluating the stability of the linker under physiological conditions. The compound is incubated in buffer solutions (e.g., PBS, pH 7.4) at 37°C for various time points. Samples are analyzed by HPLC or LC-MS to monitor the integrity of the linker and detect any degradation products. The non-cleavable nature is confirmed by the absence of significant degradation, indicating its suitability for stable conjugation in ADC applications. Solubility testing is performed in DMSO, H₂O, ethanol, and DMF to determine formulation conditions.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for this compound involve testing the complete ADC or PROTAC molecule rather than the linker alone. For ADC evaluation, cancer cell lines are treated with the ADC, and cell viability is assessed using CCK-8 or MTT assays after 72 hours. For PROTAC studies, target protein degradation is measured by Western blot analysis in treated cells. The linker itself does not directly affect cell viability but is essential for the function of the conjugated therapeutic molecule.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for this compound are conducted using the final ADC or PROTAC construct. For ADC evaluation, tumor-bearing xenograft models receive the ADC via intravenous injection. Tumor volume and body weight are monitored over 2-4 weeks to assess efficacy and tolerability. For PROTAC evaluation, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters are measured, including target protein degradation in tissues. The linker contributes to the stability and PK profile of the conjugate.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride are determined by the conjugate in which it is incorporated. The compound has a molecular weight of 109.55 and a molecular formula of C₃H₈ClNO. It is stable as a powder at -20°C for 3 years and at 4°C for 2 years. In solvent, it is stable at -80°C for 6 months and at -20°C for 1 month. It is soluble in DMSO at 25 mg/mL (228.21 mM). For in vivo formulations, the linker is typically conjugated to larger molecules, which determines the overall PK profile.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride is associated with the ADC or PROTAC molecules in which it is used. As a linker compound, it is considered to have low intrinsic toxicity. Standard toxicity studies for the final conjugate include assessment of body weight changes, clinical observations, hematological parameters, and histopathological examination of major organs in animal models. The linker itself does not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects in standard cell viability assays.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride (CAS 18621-18-6) has a molecular formula of C₃H₈ClNO and a molecular weight of 109.55. The compound appears as an off-white to light yellow solid powder with a purity of ≥98%. It has a melting point of 90-92°C and a LogP of 0.081. It is classified as an ADC linker and is intended for research use only, not for human use. The compound is used in the synthesis of ADCs and PROTACs for targeted therapy. It is not approved for clinical use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C3H8CLNO
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
109.55
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| Exact Mass |
109.029
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| CAS # |
18621-18-6
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| PubChem CID |
2759290
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
170.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
90-92°C
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| Flash Point |
120.4ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.464mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
0.081
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
6
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| Complexity |
33.9
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
UQUPQEUNHVVNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H7NO.ClH/c5-3-1-4-2-3;/h3-5H,1-2H2;1H
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| Chemical Name |
azetidin-3-ol;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 25 mg/mL (228.21 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.82 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.82 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.82 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.1283 mL | 45.6413 mL | 91.2825 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8257 mL | 9.1283 mL | 18.2565 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9128 mL | 4.5641 mL | 9.1283 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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