| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 1mg | ||
| 5mg | ||
| 10mg | ||
| 50mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
TEM-1; CTX-M-15
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
The treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) has been complicated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant, β-lactamase-expressing pathogens. As a result of the limited treatment options, patients often require hospitalization and intravenous therapy. In essence, a strong unmet need for oral antibiotics, active against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) uropathogens has emerged. Oral carbapenems (tebipenem and sulopenem) and oral cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations are in various stages of clinical development for the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated UTI. Tebipenem, if approved, will be the first oral treatment for complicated UTI while sulopenem will be for uncomplicated UTI. The β-lactamase inhibitors ETX0282, VNRX7145, Avibactam tomilopil (ARX-1796; AV-006), and QPX7728 are combined with cefpodoxime proxetil or ceftibuten that achieve favorable exposures in urine compared to other uropathogen-active oral cephalosporins. The combination ceftibuten-QPX7728 has potential broad-spectrum coverage against carbapenemase producers including metallo β-lactamase producers. Other novel combinations, namely cefpodoxime/ETX0282, ceftibuten/VNRX-7145, and ceftibuten/Avibactam tomilopil (ARX-1796; AV-006), have also demonstrated excellent activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapanemase (KPC) and OXA-48-like producers. All these agents, upon their arrival for commercial use, would strengthen the outpatient therapy [1].
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Avibactam is a potent DBO inhibitor that inhibits class A, C, and some class D β-lactamases. Approved by the FDA in 2015, it can be used intravenously in combination with ceftazidime, but its oral bioavailability is extremely low (approximately 7%). To expand the clinical application of avibactam, Arixa Pharmaceuticals developed a novel oral avibactam prodrug (ARX-1796/AV-006). Phase I clinical studies showed that the oral bioavailability of the prodrug ARX-1796 was 60-80%. Researchers evaluated the efficacy of oral β-lactam antibiotics cefbumin, cefixime, amoxicillin, cefpodoxime, sulopenem, and telbipenem in combination with ARX-1796 against Enterobacteriaceae expressing ESBL, ampC, KPC, and OXA-48-like enzymes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefbumin in combination with ARX-1796 was lower than in other combinations. Even after adding ARX-1796, cefbufen effectively inhibited KPC and OXA-48-like bacteria, with MIC50/90 values of 0.06/0.5 mg/L and 0.06/0.25 mg/L, respectively. It is worth noting that pharmaceutical giant Pfizer recently acquired Arixa Pharmaceuticals. [1]
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Over the past decade, infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR GNB) have become increasingly prevalent. These infections pose a serious threat to global public health due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Ceftazidime/avibactam is a newly approved drug that combines ceftazidime with a novel β-lactamase inhibitor active against a variety of β-lactamases produced by MDR GNB. Avibactam inhibits both class A and class C β-lactamases, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC enzymes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). Therefore, its combination with this inhibitor extends the antibacterial spectrum of ceftazidime to include MDR Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. In phase II clinical trials for patients with complicated intra-abdominal and complicated urinary tract infections, the clinical efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam was comparable to that of meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin, respectively. A phase III clinical trial confirmed the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam in patients infected with multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, this article discusses microbial surveillance studies, in vivo animal infection models, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target achievement analyses to evaluate the potential role of this new drug in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacillus infections. [2]
|
| Molecular Formula |
C14H23N3O8S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
393.41
|
| Exact Mass |
393.12
|
| Elemental Analysis |
C, 42.74; H, 5.89; N, 10.68; O, 32.53; S, 8.15
|
| CAS # |
2245880-46-8
|
| PubChem CID |
135339165
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| LogP |
-0.2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
26
|
| Complexity |
687
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
C(OCC)(=O)C(C)(C)COS(ON1C(=O)[N@@]2C[C@@]1([H])CC[C@H]2C(N)=O)(=O)=O
|
| InChi Key |
JHSLCXRZVJOZQZ-ZJUUUORDSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H23N3O8S/c1-4-23-12(19)14(2,3)8-24-26(21,22)25-17-9-5-6-10(11(15)18)16(7-9)13(17)20/h9-10H,4-8H2,1-3H3,(H2,15,18)/t9-,10+/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
ethyl 3-[[(2S,5R)-2-carbamoyl-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-yl]oxysulfonyloxy]-2,2-dimethylpropanoate
|
| Synonyms |
Avibactam tomilopil; ARX-1796; 2245880-46-8; AV-006; PF-07338233; ethyl 3-[[(2S,5R)-2-carbamoyl-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-yl]oxysulfonyloxy]-2,2-dimethylpropanoate; avibactam tomilopil [INN]; Avibactam tomilopil [WHO-DD];
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (254.19 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5419 mL | 12.7094 mL | 25.4188 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5084 mL | 2.5419 mL | 5.0838 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2542 mL | 1.2709 mL | 2.5419 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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