| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Insulin signaling pathway (insulinotropic and antidiabetic effects); targets involved in glucose and lipid metabolism.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 4-Hydroxyisoleucine stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. It reduces insulin resistance in muscle and/or liver cells. It has effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Quantitative in vitro activity data (e.g., EC50 for insulin secretion) is not detailed in publicly available sources.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an orally active amino acid that displays insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. It has been studied for its potential in treating type II diabetes. It reduces insulin resistance and improves glucose metabolism in animal models. Detailed dose-response and pharmacokinetic data in vivo are limited in publicly available literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
No specific cell-free enzyme/receptor binding assay protocol is detailed for 4-Hydroxyisoleucine. As an amino acid that affects insulin secretion, typical cell-free assays might include insulin receptor binding studies or enzyme activity assays (e.g., glucokinase, AMPK).
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular activity is assessed in pancreatic beta-cells (for insulin secretion studies) or muscle/liver cells (for insulin resistance studies). Cells are treated with serial dilutions of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, and endpoints include insulin secretion measurement (ELISA), glucose uptake (radioactive or fluorescent 2-DG uptake), and insulin signaling pathway analysis (Western blot for phosphorylated Akt, AMPK).
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in animal models of type II diabetes (e.g., diabetic rodents). 4-Hydroxyisoleucine is administered via oral gavage. Endpoints include blood glucose levels, insulin levels, glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and lipid profiles.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Molecular weight: 147.13-147.17; molecular formula: C6H13NO3. Solubility: DMSO (insoluble). Storage: typical for amino acids (desiccated, protected from light).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicity data is publicly available. As a naturally occurring amino acid from fenugreek, it is likely to have low toxicity, but standard toxicological studies would be required for drug development.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
4-Hydroxy-L-Isoleucine is a derivative of isoleucine.
4-Hydroxyisoleucine is a research-grade compound, not approved for therapeutic use. It is primarily used for research on type II diabetes treatments, glucose and lipid metabolism. No FDA approval has been reported. It is an orally active amino acid with insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H13NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
147.1723
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| Exact Mass |
147.089
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| CAS # |
781658-23-9
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| PubChem CID |
2773624
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
331.6±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
>200ºC
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| Flash Point |
154.4±25.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.496
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| LogP |
-0.44
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
126
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C(C)O
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| InChi Key |
OSCCDBFHNMXNME-DSDZBIDZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H13NO3/c1-3(4(2)8)5(7)6(9)10/h3-5,8H,7H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10)/t3-,4?,5-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~679.49 mM)
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (679.49 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7949 mL | 33.9743 mL | 67.9486 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3590 mL | 6.7949 mL | 13.5897 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6795 mL | 3.3974 mL | 6.7949 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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