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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol targets multiple pathways. It exerts neuroprotective effects through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. The compound has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antinociceptive activities. It inhibits NO production. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth. It inhibits proliferation of eEND2 cells and suppresses their migration.
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| ln Vitro |
4-Hydroxybenzylool blocks actin filament rearrangement while blocking eEND2 cell migration and proliferation [2]. 4- Tumor cell apoptosis is induced by hydroxybenzyl alcohol [3].
In vitro, 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibits proliferation of eEND2 cells and suppresses their migration, accompanied by inhibition of actin filament reorganization. It induces apoptotic death of tumor cells. The compound exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-angiogenic properties, which may be attributed to its ability to inhibit NO generation. It has neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. |
| ln Vivo |
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-angiogenic properties; these effects may be attributed to its ability to inhibit the generation of NO [1]. 4-Tumor development and angiogenesis are substantially inhibited by hydroxybenzyl alcohol (200 mg/kg) [3]. 4-In rats, ischemic damage from acute focal cerebral ischemia can be ameliorated by hydroxybenzyl alcohol. The apoptotic pathway's weakening may have some bearing on this neuroprotective effect [4].
In vivo, 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury. It reduces infarct volumes and improves neurological outcomes in animal models, suggesting potential use in the management of stroke and other brain injury disorders. The compound has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, and sedative-hypnotic properties. It is a phenolic compound widely distributed in various plants. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol involve measuring its effects on NO production. NO levels are measured by Griess assay. Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression is assessed by Western blot or qPCR. PI3K/Akt pathway activation is assessed by measuring Akt phosphorylation. Antioxidant activity is assessed using DPPH or other free radical scavenging assays. Anti-angiogenic activity is assessed by endothelial cell tube formation assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol are conducted in eEND2 cells, tumor cells, and other relevant cell types. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO2 and treated with the compound at varying concentrations. Cell proliferation is assessed by MTT or CCK-8 assays. Cell migration is assessed by wound healing or Transwell assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining. NO production is measured by Griess assay. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol in vivo studies are conducted in animal models of cerebral ischemia and stroke. Animals are treated with the compound via oral administration or injection. Infarct volumes are measured by TTC staining. Neurological outcomes are assessed by behavioral tests. For anti-inflammatory studies, inflammatory markers are measured. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Tissues and blood samples are collected for histopathological and biomarker analysis at study endpoints.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is a known metabolite of 4-methylphenol in the human body. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (MW 124.14 g/mol, C7H8O2) is a phenolic phytochemical. It is also known as p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and gastrodigenin. The compound is soluble in water and other appropriate solvents. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution would be determined in species-specific studies. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is used in neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory research. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is generally well-tolerated in preclinical studies. The compound is a natural phenolic phytochemical with established safety profiles. Its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities have been demonstrated with acceptable safety profiles. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is a type of benzyl alcohol compound with a hydroxyl group substituted at the 4-position. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung. It is a plant metabolite belonging to the phenolic and benzyl alcohol classes. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (strains K12, MG1655). It has also been reported to exist in Arcangelisia gusanlung, Bacopa monnieri, and other organisms with relevant data.
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol, Gastrodigenin) is a phenolic phytochemical and aglycone of gastrodin from Gastrodia elata. It exerts neuroprotective effects via Nrf2/Prdx6/PDI upregulation through PI3K/Akt. The compound has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, and anti-angiogenic activities. It reduces infarct volumes and improves neurological outcomes. Its molecular formula is C7H8O2 with a molecular weight of 124.14 g/mol. All applications are limited to non-human research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C7H8O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
124.1372
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| Exact Mass |
124.052
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| CAS # |
623-05-2
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| PubChem CID |
125
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
252.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
114-122 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
145.8±15.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.596
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| LogP |
0.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
75
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
BVJSUAQZOZWCKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H8O2/c8-5-6-1-3-7(9)4-2-6/h1-4,8-9H,5H2
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| Chemical Name |
4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~805.54 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.0554 mL | 40.2771 mL | 80.5542 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6111 mL | 8.0554 mL | 16.1108 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8055 mL | 4.0277 mL | 8.0554 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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