| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
The study examines the adsorption (sorption) of 4-Ethylphenol onto yeast (S. cerevisiae) cell walls in a synthetic wine medium. Individual sorption kinetics showed that the process reached thermodynamic equilibrium within 24 hours. The initial sorption rate was higher, decreasing progressively until equilibrium. The Elovich kinetic model applied to the data revealed three linear zones with different rates, indicating heterogeneous adsorption sites on the yeast wall. The average sorption rate was highest in the first zone (0.26 μmol/g·h) and lowest in the final equilibrium zone. [1]
Individual sorption isotherms at 10.0 ± 0.2°C showed that 4-Ethylphenol adsorption followed a Langmuir type L-2 isotherm. The Langmuir monolayer capacity (Csm) was 0.559 μmol/g, and the Point B value (amount retained at the plateau) was 0.53 μmol/g, indicating a finite adsorption capacity. The affinity constant (BL) was 0.855 l/μmol. [1] In competitive sorption experiments with equimolar 4-ethylguaiacol, the adsorption capacity of 4-Ethylphenol was reduced (Csm = 0.283 μmol/g, Point B = 0.26 μmol/g), but the affinity constant increased (BL = 0.928 l/μmol), suggesting preferential adsorption to higher-affinity sites during competition. [1] At its perception threshold concentration in wine (5.08 μM), using 5 g/l of yeast cell walls and a 24-hour equilibrium time, 4-Ethylphenol was reduced by 41.4% in individual sorption and by 21.7% in competitive sorption. [1] |
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Data obtained by measuring the desorption of phenolic compounds from the human stratum corneum were used to estimate the stratum corneum-water partition coefficient and the relative diffusion coefficient of phenolic compounds in the stratum corneum. Metabolism/Metabolites After oral administration of 100 mg/kg ethylbenzene to rats… urinary metabolites: approximately 0.3% p-ethylphenol, and trace amounts of 1- and 2-phenylethanol… Yield of p-ethylanisole in guinea pigs. /Excerpt from Table/ Known human metabolites of 4-ethylphenol include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-(4-ethylphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxacyclohexane-2-carboxylic acid. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Metabolized to 1- and 2-phenylethanol (A622). Interactions Vitiligo may be due to the inhibition of melanin production by phenolic degradation products produced in the body. p-Ethylphenol inhibits dopa pigment formation in human and guinea pig skin in vitro. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
4-Ethylphenol belongs to the phenolic class of compounds, with an ethyl substituent at the 4-position. It is a fungal xenobiotic metabolite. It has been reported to exist in Brettanomyces anomalus, Gossypium hirsutum, and other organisms with relevant data. Arabica coffee also contains 4-ethylphenol. 4-Ethylphenol (4-EP) is a phenolic compound produced by the putrefactive yeast Brettanomyces in wine and beer. (Wikipedia) 4-Ethylphenol belongs to the family of phenols and their derivatives. These compounds contain a phenolic hydroxyl group, which is a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group. 4-Ethylphenol is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4-ethylphenol against Escherichia coli is 695 μg/mL. 4-Ethylphenol increases cell membrane permeability to molecules smaller than tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, resulting in a significant uncoupling effect. 4-Ethylphenol (4-EP) is a volatile phenolic compound produced by the contaminating yeast Brettanomyces in wine. It is associated with off-flavors described as “stabilizer,” “leather,” “medicinal,” or “horse sweat.” Its perception threshold in wine is 5.08 μM. [1] This study explored the use of yeast cell walls as biosorbents to remove 4-ethylphenol from wine. The proposed adsorption mechanism involves specific chemisorption, primarily through interaction with residual lipids in yeast cell wall formulations, and possibly through hydrogen bonds or other interactions with mannoproteins and free amino acids on the cell wall surface. Compared to 4-ethylguaiacol, its higher hydrophobicity (log P = 2.55) favors interaction with lipids, potentially forming more covalent bonds, which explains its higher affinity constant (BL) in this system. However, its total adsorption capacity is lower than that of 4-ethylguaiacol. [1]
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H10O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
122.1644
|
| Exact Mass |
122.073
|
| CAS # |
123-07-9
|
| Related CAS # |
4-Ethylphenol-d5;340256-40-8;4-Ethylphenol-d10;352431-18-6
|
| PubChem CID |
31242
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
219.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
40-42 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
100.6±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.1±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.537
|
| LogP |
2.47
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
9
|
| Complexity |
72.6
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
HXDOZKJGKXYMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H10O/c1-2-7-3-5-8(9)6-4-7/h3-6,9H,2H2,1H3
|
| Chemical Name |
4-ethylphenol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~60 mg/mL (~491.12 mM)
H2O : ~2.63 mg/mL (~21.53 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 4.55 mg/mL (37.24 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C). |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.1860 mL | 40.9299 mL | 81.8599 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6372 mL | 8.1860 mL | 16.3720 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8186 mL | 4.0930 mL | 8.1860 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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