| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Targets |
The obtained fluorescence intensity is linearly linked to the amount of at least 1 μg of 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride in the sample. The fluorescence from 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride is diminished when significant amounts of dopamine are present in the reaction mixture [1].
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| ln Vitro |
The obtained fluorescence intensity is linearly linked to the amount of at least 1 μg of 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride in the sample. The fluorescence from 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride is diminished when significant amounts of dopamine are present in the reaction mixture [1].
3-MT activates human TAAR1 expressed in HEK-293 cells, leading to cAMP accumulation with an EC₅₀ of 700 ± 180 nM, comparable to tyramine (EC₅₀ = 320 ± 100 nM). In HEK-293 cells expressing hTAAR1, treatment with 3-MT (10 µM) induced time-dependent phosphorylation of ERK2 (significant at 2, 5, 10, and 20 minutes) and CREB (significant at 10 and 20 minutes), indicating activation of Gs-mediated signaling cascades.[1] |
| ln Vivo |
In DDD mice, the extracellular DA metabolite 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride (3-MT) significantly activates behavior. Instead of typical forward motions, this activity primarily takes the form of a succession of disordered abnormal movements, such as tremors, head shaking, tail wagging, grooming, and abnormal oral and facial movements. When 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride was administered at levels less than 9 µg and greater than 9 µg, no impact was seen. 3. A complex cascade of behaviors is accompanied by a temporary behavioral activation that is dose-dependently induced by methyloxytyramine hydrochloride. Specifically, following infusion of 9 µg of 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride, brief hyperactivity and stereotyped, sniffing, grooming, standing erect, and moderately aberrant involuntary movements of the limbs (AIM) were noted. After receiving 18 µg of 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride, a similar behavior was seen, along with the development of tremor and oral and systemic AIM [1].
Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of 3-MT (36 µg and 180 µg) induced a complex set of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in dopamine-deficient DAT-KO mice, significantly increasing horizontal activity counts compared to vehicle controls. In normal C57BL/6 mice, i.c.v. 3-MT (9–36 µg) caused dose-dependent behavioral activation, including transient hyperactivity, stereotypy, grooming, tremor, head bobbing, and orofacial AIMs. At 36 µg, it also induced minor seizure-like activity. These behavioral effects were partially attenuated in TAAR1 knockout (TAAR1-KO) mice, with the lowest dose (9 µg) being completely inactive in mutants. 3-MT (18 µg, i.c.v.) induced significant phosphorylation of ERK2 and CREB in the striatum of wild-type mice, an effect significantly reduced in TAAR1-KO mice.[1] |
| Enzyme Assay |
A standard cAMP column assay was used to measure TAAR1 activation. HEK-293 cells were transiently transfected with human TAAR1 (hTAAR1). After 24 hours, cells were treated with various concentrations of 3-MT or tyramine for 15 minutes at room temperature. Intracellular [³H]-cAMP accumulation was measured using Dowex and Alumina column chromatography to determine agonist potency (EC₅₀).[1]
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| Cell Assay |
HEK-293 cells were transfected with hTAAR1. After 24 hours, cells were treated with 3-MT (10 µM) for different time points (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 min). Cells were lysed, and proteins were extracted. Western blot analysis was performed using specific antibodies against phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr-202/Tyr-204), total ERK, phospho-CREB (Ser-133), and total CREB. Chemiluminescence detection was used for quantification, with total protein levels serving as loading controls.[1]
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| Animal Protocol |
Dopamine-deficient (DDD) mice were generated by treating DAT-KO mice with α-methyl-p-tyrosine (αMT, 250 mg/kg, i.p.) to inhibit dopamine synthesis. One hour after αMT, 3-MT (dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid) was administered i.c.v. (4 µL volume, 1 µL/min infusion rate) at doses of 36 µg or 180 µg. Locomotor activity was monitored for up to 3 hours.
For studies in normal and TAAR1-KO mice, animals were placed in locomotor chambers, habituated for 30 minutes, then briefly removed for i.c.v. infusion of 3-MT (9, 18, or 36 µg in 4 µL artificial CSF) or vehicle. After infusion, mice were returned to the chamber, and behavior was recorded for 90 minutes. For signaling studies, mice were euthanized 30 minutes after i.c.v. 3-MT (18 µg) administration, and striatal tissue was rapidly dissected and processed for Western blot analysis of ERK and CREB phosphorylation.[1] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Microdialysis measurements in free-moving mice showed that intraventricular injection of 3-methyltransferase (3-MT) (9 µg) increased the extracellular 3-MT concentration in the striatum, with the highest concentration in the dialysate reaching 100 nM. Considering an in vivo recovery rate of approximately 20%, the extracellular 3-MT concentration with behavioral activity was estimated to be above 500 nM. [1]
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) is the main extracellular metabolite of dopamine, produced by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Previously, 3-MT was thought to be inactive, but this study found that it is a novel neuromodulator that can activate TAAR1 and induce dopamine-independent behavioral and signal transduction effects. Its effects are only partially mediated by TAAR1, suggesting that other unknown receptors may be involved. Changes in 3-MT levels caused by COMT or MAO inhibition may be associated with neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. [1]
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| Molecular Formula |
C9H14CLNO2
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| Molecular Weight |
203.6660
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| Exact Mass |
203.071
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| CAS # |
1477-68-5
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| Related CAS # |
3-Methoxytyramine;554-52-9;3-Methoxytyramine-d4 hydrochloride;1216788-76-9
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| PubChem CID |
11957621
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light brown solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
306.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
213 - 215ºC
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| Flash Point |
139.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.000418mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
2.404
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
130
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
AWRIOTVUTPLWLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H13NO2.ClH/c1-12-9-6-7(4-5-10)2-3-8(9)11;/h2-3,6,11H,4-5,10H2,1H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~490.99 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.9099 mL | 24.5495 mL | 49.0990 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9820 mL | 4.9099 mL | 9.8198 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4910 mL | 2.4550 mL | 4.9099 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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