| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg |
|
||
| 500mg |
|
||
| 1g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
3-Hydroxyvaleric acid targets metabolic pathways involved in energy production and anaplerosis. By serving as a substrate that can be converted into TCA cycle intermediates, it supports mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. It may also act as a signaling molecule in metabolic regulation. Its role as a ketone body suggests potential applications in metabolic and neurological research.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid is an anaplerotic compound that can refill the pool of TCA cycle intermediates. It is a 5-carbon ketone body that can undergo anaplerotic reactions. The compound's ability to replenish TCA cycle intermediates makes it useful for studying cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function. It may also have neuroprotective effects due to its role in energy metabolism.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid has been studied for its potential as a brain-penetrant anaplerotic agent for conditions such as glucose transporter type 1 deficiency (G1D). By providing an alternative fuel source for the brain, it may support neurological function in conditions of impaired glucose metabolism. Its role as a ketone body suggests potential therapeutic applications in metabolic and neurological disorders.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme assays, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid can be evaluated for its metabolism by enzymes such as dehydrogenases or CoA ligases. The compound is incubated with the enzyme and its cofactors in a suitable buffer. Enzyme activity is measured by monitoring the consumption of cofactors (NAD⁺/NADH) or the production of reaction products using spectrophotometric or chromatographic methods.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid is typically tested on neuronal cells or hepatocytes. Cells are treated with the compound at various concentrations (typically 0.1-10 mM) for 24-48 hours. Cellular metabolism, ATP levels, and TCA cycle intermediate levels are assessed using biochemical assays and metabolomics. Neuroprotective effects are evaluated in models of metabolic stress or glucose deprivation.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid is typically administered orally or intraperitoneally to rodent models of metabolic or neurological disorders. The compound is given at doses ranging from 100-1000 mg/kg. Blood and brain tissue samples are collected to measure metabolite levels. Behavioral tests are performed to assess neurological function. Metabolic flux analysis can be performed using stable isotope tracing.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 3-hydroxyvaleric acid are limited. As a small molecule with a molecular weight of 118.13 g/mol and formula C₅H₁₀O₃, it is expected to be rapidly absorbed and metabolized. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and may be metabolized via beta-oxidation or converted to TCA cycle intermediates. Its half-life is likely short, and it is excreted as metabolites.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for 3-hydroxyvaleric acid are limited. As a naturally occurring metabolite, it is generally considered to have low toxicity at physiological concentrations. At high doses, it may cause metabolic disturbances. The compound is classified as a research-grade reagent and is not for human therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling.
|
| Additional Infomation |
3-Hydroxyvalerate is a short-chain fatty acid, a derivative of valerate in which the methylene hydrogen atom at position 3 is replaced by a hydroxyl group. It is a short-chain fatty acid, a 3-hydroxy fatty acid, and a ketone body, functionally related to valerate. It has been reported that 3-hydroxyvalerate is present in rapeseed (Brassica napus) and Carteriospongia, and relevant data are available for reference.
3-Hydroxyvaleric acid is a research-use only compound and has not been approved for clinical applications. It is also known as 3-hydroxypentanoic acid and β-hydroxyvaleric acid. Its molecular weight is 118.13, and its formula is C₅H₁₀O₃. The compound is available from various research chemical suppliers for metabolic and neurological research. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H10O3
|
|---|---|
| Exact Mass |
118.063
|
| CAS # |
10237-77-1
|
| Related CAS # |
83120-66-5
|
| PubChem CID |
107802
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow <43°C solid powder,>44°C liquid
|
| Density |
1.14g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
253.3ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
121.2ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.00285mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.458
|
| LogP |
0.232
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
8
|
| Complexity |
79.7
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CCC(O)CC(O)=O
|
| InChi Key |
REKYPYSUBKSCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-2-4(6)3-5(7)8/h4,6H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)
|
| Chemical Name |
3-hydroxypentanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~846.53 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
