| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Targets |
- N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (interacts as a weak agonist and enhances quinolinic acid-induced activation) [1]
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
- NMDA Receptor Activation: 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid (1–100 μM) dose-dependently increased NMDA receptor-mediated currents in synaptic plasma membranes from rat cerebral cortex, with maximal activation at 100 μM. Co-application with quinolinic acid (10 μM) resulted in synergistic current enhancement, indicating cooperative binding to the receptor [1]
- Receptor Specificity: The effect was blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 (50 μM), confirming specificity for NMDA receptors over AMPA/kainate receptors [1] |
| Enzyme Assay |
- Synaptic Membrane Preparation: Synaptic plasma membranes were isolated from cerebral cortices of young rats via differential centrifugation and Percoll gradient purification. Membrane protein concentration was determined using a bicinchoninic acid assay [1]
- Electrophysiological Recording: Membrane vesicles were incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, and NMDA receptor-mediated currents were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. Currents were evoked by sequential application of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (1–100 μM) and quinolinic acid (10 μM) in the presence of glycine (1 μM) to mimic physiological conditions [1] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Carcinogen Classification
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Health Effects Chronically high levels of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid are associated with Glutaric Aciduria Type I. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
3-hydroxyglutaric acid is a 3 hydroxy carboxylic acid that is glutaric acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a diagnostic marker for glutaric aciduria type I. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid and an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a glutaric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-hydroxyglutarate(2-).
3-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a key metabolite in glutaryl co-enzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, and is considered to be a potential neurotoxin. The urine level of 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid is elevated in Glutaric Aciduria Type I (glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) patients. - Pathophysiological Relevance: 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a key metabolite in glutaric aciduria type I, a genetic disorder characterized by elevated brain levels of this compound. Its interaction with NMDA receptors may contribute to excitotoxic neuronal injury observed in this disease [1] - Mechanistic Insight: The compound’s weak agonist activity and synergism with quinolinic acid suggest it acts as a co-agonist or allosteric modulator of NMDA receptors, potentially enhancing glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity under pathological conditions [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H8O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
148.114022254944
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| Exact Mass |
148.037
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| CAS # |
638-18-6
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| PubChem CID |
181976
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.508g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
365ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
94-96ºC
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| Flash Point |
188.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.519
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| LogP |
-1.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
125
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
OC(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
ZQHYXNSQOIDNTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H8O5/c6-3(1-4(7)8)2-5(9)10/h3,6H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
|
| Chemical Name |
3-hydroxypentanedioic acid
|
| Synonyms |
3-HYDROXYGLUTARIC ACID; 3-HYDROXYPENTANEDIOIC ACID; 638-18-6; 3-hydroxy-glutaric acid; C3FG9S37DY; CHEBI:39980; DTXSID00213239; DTXCID50135730;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~250 mg/mL (~1687.93 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (675.17 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7517 mL | 33.7587 mL | 67.5174 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3503 mL | 6.7517 mL | 13.5035 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6752 mL | 3.3759 mL | 6.7517 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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