| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg |
|
||
| 500mg |
| Targets |
- N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (interacts as a weak agonist and enhances quinolinic acid-induced activation) [1]
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
- NMDA Receptor Activation: 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid (1–100 μM) dose-dependently increased NMDA receptor-mediated currents in synaptic plasma membranes from rat cerebral cortex, with maximal activation at 100 μM. Co-application with quinolinic acid (10 μM) resulted in synergistic current enhancement, indicating cooperative binding to the receptor [1]
- Receptor Specificity: The effect was blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 (50 μM), confirming specificity for NMDA receptors over AMPA/kainate receptors [1] |
| Enzyme Assay |
- Synaptic Membrane Preparation: Synaptic plasma membranes were isolated from cerebral cortices of young rats via differential centrifugation and Percoll gradient purification. Membrane protein concentration was determined using a bicinchoninic acid assay [1]
- Electrophysiological Recording: Membrane vesicles were incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, and NMDA receptor-mediated currents were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. Currents were evoked by sequential application of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (1–100 μM) and quinolinic acid (10 μM) in the presence of glycine (1 μM) to mimic physiological conditions [1] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Carcinogen Classification
No evidence of carcinogenicity in humans has been found (not listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer). Health Effects Long-term high levels of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid are associated with type I glutaric aciduria. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
3-Hydroxyglutaric acid (3-Hydroxyglutaric acid) is a 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid, meaning glutaric acid is substituted with a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. It is a diagnostic marker for type I glutarateuria. It is present in human urine and serum and is a 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid and an α,ω-dicarboxylic acid. Functionally, it is associated with glutaric acid and is the conjugate acid of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (2-). 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a key metabolite of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and is considered a potential neurotoxin. Elevated levels of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine of patients with type I glutarateuria (glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) are observed. Pathophysiological significance: 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a key metabolite of type I glutarateuria, a hereditary disorder characterized by elevated levels of this compound in the brain. Its interaction with NMDA receptors may lead to the excitotoxic neuronal damage observed in this disease [1]
- Mechanism analysis: The weak agonist activity of this compound and its synergistic effect with quinolinic acid suggest that it may act as a co-agonist or allosteric modulator of NMDA receptors, enhancing glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity under pathological conditions [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H8O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
148.114022254944
|
| Exact Mass |
148.037
|
| CAS # |
638-18-6
|
| PubChem CID |
181976
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.508g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
365ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
94-96ºC
|
| Flash Point |
188.7ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.519
|
| LogP |
-1.4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
10
|
| Complexity |
125
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
OC(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O
|
| InChi Key |
ZQHYXNSQOIDNTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H8O5/c6-3(1-4(7)8)2-5(9)10/h3,6H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
|
| Chemical Name |
3-hydroxypentanedioic acid
|
| Synonyms |
3-HYDROXYGLUTARIC ACID; 3-HYDROXYPENTANEDIOIC ACID; 638-18-6; 3-hydroxy-glutaric acid; C3FG9S37DY; CHEBI:39980; DTXSID00213239; DTXCID50135730;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~250 mg/mL (~1687.93 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (675.17 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7517 mL | 33.7587 mL | 67.5174 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3503 mL | 6.7517 mL | 13.5035 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6752 mL | 3.3759 mL | 6.7517 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
