| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
3-Chloro-L-tyrosine does not have a classical pharmacological target but serves as a specific biomarker of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. It is a human endogenous metabolite and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. It is used to determine the extent of neutrophilic inflammation, as MPO is secreted by activated neutrophils and monocytes and is the only enzyme that produces HClO.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine is used as a molecular marker to detect MPO-mediated tyrosine chlorination. It exhibits stronger antioxidant properties in hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by higher efficiency in reducing ferryl species. It is utilized in analytical method development for quantifying oxidative stress biomarkers in biological samples. No specific IC50 or EC50 values are reported as it is not a direct pharmacological agent.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine levels are elevated in human atherosclerotic lesions and in the plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. It serves as a validated endogenous footprint of MPO activity in vivo. Elevated levels indicate oxidative stress and inflammation at sites of MPO activity. It is used as a biomarker to assess disease severity and progression in inflammatory conditions.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine involve the detection and quantification of this biomarker in biological samples using analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples are typically hydrolyzed to release protein-bound chlorotyrosine, derivatized, and analyzed using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with stable isotope-labeled internal standards.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine focus on its role as a biomarker rather than a direct pharmacological agent. Cells (e.g., neutrophils or monocytes) are stimulated with phorbol esters or other activators to induce MPO release and oxidative burst. Protein-bound 3-chlorotyrosine is quantified in cell lysates or supernatants using immunoassays (ELISA) or LC-MS/MS after protein digestion.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine are conducted in models of inflammation and oxidative stress, such as LPS-induced endotoxemia, atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-knockout mice, or models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Tissue and plasma levels of 3-chlorotyrosine are measured as endpoints to assess MPO activity and oxidative damage. Immunohistochemistry can also be used to localize chlorotyrosine in tissues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine as an administered compound are not applicable, as it is an endogenous biomarker rather than a therapeutic agent. It is produced in vivo at sites of inflammation and oxidative stress. Its half-life is determined by protein turnover and renal clearance. It is not administered as a drug and has no therapeutic PK profile.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for 3-Chloro-L-tyrosine are limited, as it is an endogenous biomarker and not a therapeutic agent. Elevated levels are associated with oxidative damage and inflammation in various diseases. It is not known to have direct toxic effects itself; rather, it serves as an indicator of MPO-mediated oxidative stress. Standard laboratory safety precautions apply.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
3-Chloro-L-tyrosine is a chlorinated amino acid with a chlorine substituent attached to the ortho position of the phenolic hydroxyl group in its tyrosine core structure. It is both a biomarker and a human metabolite. It is a chlorinated amino acid belonging to the monochlorobenzene class of compounds, a derivative of L-tyrosine, and also a non-protein-derived L-α-amino acid. It is a zwitterion tautomer of 3-chloro-L-tyrosine. There are reports and data regarding the presence of 3-chloro-L-tyrosine in humans. 3-Chloro-tyrosine is a specific biomarker for hypochlorous acid (HClO), an oxidation product of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Under oxidative stress, the strong oxidant hypochlorous acid generates 3-chloro-tyrosine in proteins containing tyrosine residues. Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is generated at sites of inflammation and is also an antimicrobial molecule produced by neutrophils through myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalysis. MPO is a heme-containing enzyme secreted by activated neutrophils and monocytes; it is the only enzyme capable of producing HClO. Therefore, 3-chlorotyrosine may be helpful in assessing the degree of neutrophil inflammation.
3-Chloro-L-tyrosine is a specific biomarker of myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation and hypochlorous acid production at sites of inflammation. It is elevated in human atherosclerotic lesions, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal cancer. It serves as a validated endogenous footprint of MPO activity and is used as a molecular marker for oxidative stress and inflammation. It is not a drug and has no clinical approval or therapeutic applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H10CLNO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
215.6336
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| Exact Mass |
215.034
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| CAS # |
7423-93-0
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| Related CAS # |
3-Chloro-L-tyrosine-13C6
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| PubChem CID |
110992
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
388.6±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
249ºC
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| Flash Point |
188.8±27.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.625
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| LogP |
0.93
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
212
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)Cl)O
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| InChi Key |
ACWBBAGYTKWBCD-ZETCQYMHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H10ClNO3/c10-6-3-5(1-2-8(6)12)4-7(11)9(13)14/h1-3,7,12H,4,11H2,(H,13,14)/t7-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~5 mg/mL (~23.19 mM)
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 6.25 mg/mL (28.98 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6376 mL | 23.1879 mL | 46.3757 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9275 mL | 4.6376 mL | 9.2751 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4638 mL | 2.3188 mL | 4.6376 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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