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2-Methylpentanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite involved in energy metabolism. As a metabolite of succinic acid, it is part of the citric acid cycle pathway. The compound is a mammalian metabolite. Its role is related to energy metabolism and metabolic pathways. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its specific molecular targets.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 2-Methylpentanedioic acid is a metabolite of succinic acid used in metabolic studies. It is an α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic acid fatty acid. The compound is used as an analytical standard for metabolic research. Its role as a mammalian metabolite has been characterized. Further in vitro studies are needed to fully characterize its biological activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2-Methylpentanedioic acid is a mammalian metabolite involved in energy metabolism. As a metabolite of succinic acid, it is part of the citric acid cycle. The compound is found in various biological systems. Its levels may reflect metabolic status. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its physiological roles.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for 2-Methylpentanedioic acid involve measuring its role as a metabolite in the citric acid cycle. Enzymes involved in succinic acid metabolism are assessed using the compound as a metabolite. For metabolic studies, the compound is measured in biological samples by HPLC or LC-MS. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 2-Methylpentanedioic acid are conducted in various cell lines to study energy metabolism. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with the compound at varying concentrations. Metabolic flux is assessed by measuring citric acid cycle intermediates. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
2-Methylpentanedioic acid in vivo studies are conducted in animal models for metabolic research. Animals are administered the compound via oral administration or injection. Metabolite levels in blood and tissues are measured by HPLC or LC-MS. Energy metabolism is assessed. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Tissues and blood samples are collected for biochemical analysis at study endpoints. Studies are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
2-Methylpentanedioic acid (MW 146.14 g/mol, C6H10O4) is a dicarboxylic acid and mammalian metabolite. It is also known as 2-methylglutaric acid and alpha-methylglutaric acid. The compound is soluble in water and other appropriate solvents. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. 2-Methylpentanedioic acid is used in metabolic research. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and bioavailability would be determined in species-specific studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2-Methylpentanedioic acid is generally well-tolerated as an endogenous metabolite. The compound is a mammalian metabolite involved in energy metabolism. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard laboratory safety practices should be employed when handling this compound. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development.
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Methylglutaric acid is an α,ω-dicarboxylic acid formed by the substitution of glutaric acid at the 2-position with a methyl group. It is a mammalian metabolite. It is an α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic acid fatty acid. Functionally, it is related to glutaric acid. It is the conjugate acid of 2-methylglutaric acid (2-).
There are reports on 2-methylglutaric acid in grapes (Vitis vinifera), and relevant data are available. (2)-Methylglutaric acid is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2-Methylpentanedioic acid (2-methylglutaric acid) is a metabolite of succinic acid, a citric acid cycle intermediate. It is an α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a mammalian metabolite. The compound plays a role in energy metabolism. Its molecular formula is C6H10O4 with a molecular weight of 146.14 g/mol.All applications are limited to non-human research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H10O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
146.1412
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| Exact Mass |
146.058
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| CAS # |
617-62-9
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| PubChem CID |
12046
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.246
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| Boiling Point |
214-215ºC22 mm Hg(lit.)
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| Melting Point |
82.5-84.5 ºC
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| Flash Point |
149ºC
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| LogP |
0.571
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
141
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
AQYCMVICBNBXNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H10O4/c1-4(6(9)10)2-3-5(7)8/h4H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
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| Chemical Name |
2-methylpentanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~684.28 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.8428 mL | 34.2138 mL | 68.4275 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3686 mL | 6.8428 mL | 13.6855 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6843 mL | 3.4214 mL | 6.8428 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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