| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Endogenous Metabolite
2'-Deoxyuridine does not have a traditional pharmacological target as a drug, but rather acts as a metabolite and a precursor in DNA synthesis. It can promote chromosome breakage, thereby reducing the synthetic activity of thymidylate (thymidylate synthase), an enzyme critical for DNA replication. The compound's effects are mediated through its incorporation into DNA and its role in nucleotide metabolism. In the context of Alzheimer's disease research, 2'-deoxyuridine modulates glycolytic metabolism and reduces microglial activation, thereby improving oxidative stress damage. |
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| ln Vitro |
Deoxyuridine (dU) increases chromosome breakage at folic acid (FA)-sensitive common fragile sites (mostly 3p14 and 16q23) in human lymphocytes. This dU-related increase can be suppressed by thymidine or FA. These results suggest that the mechanism of fragile site expression in low FA medium involves misincorporation of dU into DNA[1].
In vitro, 2'-deoxyuridine has been shown to reduce microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism. This effect has been studied in the context of Aβ25-35-induced brain injury, a model for Alzheimer's disease. The compound can promote chromosome breakage, which leads to a decrease in thymidylate synthetase activity. This property is the basis for its use in the deoxyuridine suppression test, a diagnostic tool for megaloblastic anemias. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2'-deoxyuridine is a naturally occurring metabolite and is not administered as a therapeutic agent. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the antiviral drug Edoxudine. Its role in Alzheimer's disease research is based on its ability to reduce microglial activation and oxidative stress in the brain. However, specific in vivo efficacy data are limited. The compound is primarily used as a research tool and in diagnostic applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A new photoisomeric nucleoside dUAz bearing an azobenzene group at the C5-position of 2'-deoxyuridine was designed and synthesized. Photoisomerization of dUAz in oligodeoxynucleotides can be achieved rapidly and selectively with 365 nm (forward) and 450 nm (backward) irradiation. Thermal denaturation experiments revealed that dUAz stabilized the duplex in the cis-form and destabilized it in the trans-form with mismatch discrimination ability comparable to thymidine. These results indicate that dUAz could be a powerful material for reversibly manipulating nucleic acid hybridization with spatiotemporal control[2].
For in vitro enzyme assays, 2'-deoxyuridine is not typically used as a test agent. Instead, it is used as a substrate or a standard. Its effect on thymidylate synthase activity can be assessed by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled deoxyuridine into DNA or by measuring the production of dTMP from dUMP. The deoxyuridine suppression test is a functional assay that measures the incorporation of [³H]-deoxyuridine into DNA in the presence or absence of vitamin B12 or folate. |
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, the effects of 2'-deoxyuridine on microglial activation and oxidative stress are studied using microglial cell lines or primary microglia. Cells are treated with the compound, and the expression of activation markers (e.g., Iba1, CD68) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are measured. The compound's effects on glycolytic metabolism are assessed by measuring glucose uptake, lactate production, and the expression of glycolytic enzymes.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, 2'-deoxyuridine is not typically administered as a therapeutic agent. However, its role in Alzheimer's disease has been studied in animal models. In these models, the compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally, and its effects on cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 2'-Deoxyuridine: The compound has a molecular formula of C9H12N2O5. As a natural nucleoside, it is a normal constituent of the body's nucleotide pool. It is absorbed from the diet and is metabolized by the body. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not relevant to its use as a research tool or diagnostic agent.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2'-Deoxyuridine is a naturally occurring compound and is considered non-toxic. It is a normal component of DNA and is present in all living cells. No significant toxicity has been reported. The compound is safe to handle with standard laboratory precautions.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
2'-Deoxyuridine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleoside with uracil as its nucleobase. It is found in humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and mice, and is a metabolite. Its function is related to uracil. Deoxyuridine is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). It has been reported to exist in Homo sapiens, Pichia pastoris, and other organisms with relevant data. Deoxyuridine is a nucleoside composed of uracil and deoxyribose and can serve as an intermediate in thymidine synthesis. Deoxyuridine (dU) is used to indirectly detect sufficiency of folic acid and cobalamin in cell or tissue samples. 2'-Deoxyuridine is an antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory detection of decreased deoxyuridine levels can be used to diagnose megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency.
2'-Deoxyuridine is a research compound with no clinical trial or regulatory approval status as a therapeutic agent. It is a naturally occurring nucleoside and a key building block of DNA. It is used as a chemical reagent for biochemical research, as a precursor in the synthesis of the antiviral drug Edoxudine, and in the deoxyuridine suppression test for diagnosing megaloblastic anemias. It is also being studied for its potential in Alzheimer's disease research. The compound is commercially available from chemical suppliers. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₉H₁₂N₂O₅
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
228.20
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| Exact Mass |
228.074
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 47.37; H, 5.30; N, 12.28; O, 35.05
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| CAS # |
951-78-0
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| Related CAS # |
2'-Deoxyuridine-1′-13C;478510-85-9;2'-Deoxyuridine-2′-13C;478510-87-1;2'-Deoxyuridine-3′-13C;478510-89-3;2'-Deoxyuridine-5′-13C;478510-91-7;2'-Deoxyuridine-d2;478511-30-7;2'-Deoxyuridine-d;2'-Deoxyuridine-13C,15N2;369656-76-8;2'-Deoxyuridine-d2-1;40632-23-3
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| PubChem CID |
13712
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as white to off-white solids at room temperature
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
167-169 °C(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.603
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| LogP |
-1.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
343
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
O=C1NC(=O)C=CN1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1
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| InChi Key |
MXHRCPNRJAMMIM-SHYZEUOFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H12N2O5/c12-4-6-5(13)3-8(16-6)11-2-1-7(14)10-9(11)15/h1-2,5-6,8,12-13H,3-4H2,(H,10,14,15)/t5-,6+,8+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
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| Synonyms |
2'-DeoxyuridineUridine, Uracil deoxyriboside2'-deoxy deoxyuridine; 2'-DEOXYURIDINE; 951-78-0; deoxyuridine; Uracil deoxyriboside; 2-Deoxyuridine; 1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione; Uridine, 2'-deoxy-; Deoxyribose uracil;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~438.21 mM)
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~438.21 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (438.21 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.3821 mL | 21.9106 mL | 43.8212 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8764 mL | 4.3821 mL | 8.7642 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4382 mL | 2.1911 mL | 4.3821 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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