| Targets |
2'-Deoxyguanosine does not have a pharmacological target as it is a natural nucleoside rather than a drug. Its biological role is as a component of DNA, where it pairs with deoxycytidine (dC) through three hydrogen bonds. Upon sequential phosphorylation by kinases, 2'-deoxyguanosine is converted to deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), which is used by DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases for DNA synthesis. The oxidized derivative 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage and is used for the diagnosis of oxidative stress-related conditions including bipolar disorder. 2'-Deoxyguanosine is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of antiviral nucleoside drugs.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 2'-Deoxyguanosine is used as a chemical reagent for biochemical research. It serves as a substrate for kinases in enzymatic assays and as a reference standard in nucleoside analysis. The compound is used in studies of DNA synthesis and repair, and in the development of antiviral nucleoside analogs. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is widely used as a marker of oxidative DNA damage in in vitro studies. The compound's stability and purity are important for its use as a reference standard in HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2'-Deoxyguanosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside present in all cells as a component of DNA. It is not administered as a therapeutic agent. The oxidized derivative 8-OHdG is measured in urine, plasma, or tissue samples as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in various diseases. The compound's role in DNA synthesis and repair makes it essential for cellular function, but it is not used as a drug in vivo.
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| Enzyme Assay |
2'-Deoxyguanosine is not used in receptor binding or enzyme activity assays as a test agent. It serves as a reference standard in analytical chemistry for the identification and quantification of nucleosides in biological samples. In biochemical assays, it is used as a substrate for nucleoside kinases or as a standard in HPLC or LC-MS/MS analysis. Its purity and identity are confirmed using standard analytical methods.
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| Cell Assay |
2'-Deoxyguanosine is not used as a treatment in cell culture experiments. It is used as a supplement in cell culture media to support cell growth and DNA synthesis. In research applications, it is used to study nucleoside metabolism, DNA synthesis, and the effects of nucleoside analogs on cellular function. Cells are cultured in media containing 2'-Deoxyguanosine, and its incorporation into DNA or its effects on cell proliferation and viability are studied.
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| Animal Protocol |
2'-Deoxyguanosine is not administered to animals as a therapeutic agent. It is used in pharmacokinetic and metabolomic studies as a reference standard or as a tracer. In studies of oxidative stress, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is measured in animal tissues or urine as a biomarker of DNA oxidation. Animal models of oxidative stress-related diseases are used to study the formation and excretion of 8-OHdG.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
2'-Deoxyguanosine is a natural nucleoside and does not have pharmacokinetic properties relevant to drug therapy. It is present in the body as a component of the nucleotide pool. The oxidized derivative 8-OHdG is formed in cells as a result of oxidative damage to DNA and is excreted in urine. The measurement of 8-OHdG in urine is used as a non-invasive biomarker of oxidative stress. The compound is stable under standard storage conditions and is available as a high-purity reference standard.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2'-Deoxyguanosine is a naturally occurring compound and is considered non-toxic. It is a normal component of DNA and is present in all living cells. No significant toxicity has been reported. The oxidized derivative 8-OHdG is a marker of DNA damage but is not itself toxic. The compound is safe to handle with standard laboratory precautions.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
2'-Deoxyguanosine is a purine 2'-deoxyribonucleotide with the nucleobase guanine. It is a metabolite in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, humans, Escherichia coli, and mice. It is a purine 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleonucleotide, and also a purine 2'-deoxyribonucleonucleotide. Functionally, it is related to guanosine. Deoxyguanosine is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). 2'-Deoxyguanosine has been reported in Daphnia frenulum, soybean, and other organisms with relevant data. Deoxyguanosine is a purine ribonucleotide composed of a guanine base bound to a deoxyribose at the 1' position. Phosphorylated deoxyguanosine is a substrate for DNA synthesis. 2'-Deoxyguanosine is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is a nucleoside composed of a guanine base and a deoxyribose.
2'-Deoxyguanosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside and a key building block of DNA. It is used as a chemical reagent for biochemical research and as an intermediate in the synthesis of antiviral nucleoside drugs and molecular markers. The oxidized derivative 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a widely used biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. 2'-Deoxyguanosine is commercially available from chemical suppliers as a high-purity reference standard. It has no therapeutic approval status and is not used as a drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H13N5O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
267.2413
|
| Exact Mass |
267.096
|
| CAS # |
961-07-9
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| PubChem CID |
135398592
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.1±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
706.6±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
300 °C
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| Flash Point |
381.2±35.7 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.4 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.907
|
| LogP |
-2.91
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
19
|
| Complexity |
417
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1N2C=NC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N)CO)O
|
| InChi Key |
YKBGVTZYEHREMT-KVQBGUIXSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-10-13-8-7(9(18)14-10)12-3-15(8)6-1-4(17)5(2-16)19-6/h3-6,16-17H,1-2H2,(H3,11,13,14,18)/t4-,5+,6+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
2-amino-9-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~374.20 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (9.35 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7420 mL | 18.7098 mL | 37.4195 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7484 mL | 3.7420 mL | 7.4839 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3742 mL | 1.8710 mL | 3.7420 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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