| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
2'-Adenylic acid targets adenosine receptors, specifically the A2A and A2B receptor subtypes. It inhibits inflammatory cytokine production by microglia and suppresses TNF-α and CXCL10 production in activated primary mouse microglia through activation of A2A receptors. Additionally, through the A2B receptor, 2'-AMP suppresses the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells. The compound acts as a signaling molecule in the extracellular 2',3'-cAMP pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
Through the A2B receptor, adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) (0-100 µM; once daily for 4 days) suppresses the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells [1]. In primary mouse microglia, LPS-induced (100 ng/ml) TNF-α and CXCL10 production is inhibited by adenosine 2'-monophosphate (30 μM; 24 hours) [1].
In vitro, 2'-Adenylic acid (0-100 µM; once daily for 4 days) suppresses the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells through activation of A2B receptors. In primary mouse microglia, 2'-AMP (30 μM; 24 hours) inhibits LPS-induced (100 ng/ml) secretion of TNF-α and CXCL10. The compound's anti-inflammatory activity is mediated through A2A receptor activation. These in vitro activities highlight its role as an immunomodulatory nucleotide. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2'-Adenylic acid is an endogenous metabolite involved in normal cellular metabolism. It is formed from extracellular 2',3'-cAMP and is further metabolized to adenosine. While specific pharmacological in vivo efficacy data are not extensively reported, its role as a signaling molecule suggests it may modulate inflammatory responses and cellular proliferation in physiological and pathological contexts. The compound boosts immune response by reversing malnutrition and starvation-induced immunosuppression.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for 2'-Adenylic acid typically involve measuring its activity at adenosine A2A and A2B receptors. These assays use membrane preparations from cells expressing the receptors, incubated with a radiolabeled adenosine receptor ligand. The compound's ability to displace the radiolabeled ligand or to modulate receptor-mediated signaling (e.g., cAMP production) is measured. Functional assays assess the compound's ability to activate A2A or A2B receptors and downstream signaling pathways.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 2'-Adenylic acid are performed in primary mouse microglia or other relevant cell types. Cells are treated with 2'-AMP (e.g., 30 μM for 24 hours) and stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) to induce inflammatory cytokine production. The levels of TNF-α and CXCL10 in the culture supernatant are measured by ELISA. Additionally, the compound's effects on cell proliferation are assessed in glomerular mesangial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with 2'-Adenylic acid are not typically performed for pharmacological purposes, as it is an endogenous metabolite rather than a drug. In research settings, labeled 2'-AMP may be administered to animals in metabolic tracer studies to track the flow of carbon through nucleotide metabolic pathways. However, specific in vivo protocols for 2'-AMP administration are not detailed in the available literature. The compound's role as a metabolite means it is not evaluated in traditional pharmacological in vivo models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
2'-Adenylic acid is a small, water-soluble nucleotide with a molecular weight of 347.22. It is soluble in DMSO (40 mg/mL, 115.2 mM) and water (20 mg/mL, 57.6 mM). It is stable as a powder when stored at -20°C for up to 3 years and in solution at -80°C for up to 1 year. As an endogenous metabolite, pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, clearance, and bioavailability are not applicable in the traditional sense for a drug.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2'-Adenylic acid is an endogenous metabolite and is not considered toxic in the context of normal cellular metabolism. It is a naturally occurring nucleotide that is involved in fundamental metabolic processes. In research applications, it is used at concentrations up to 100 µM in cell-based assays without significant toxicity. However, as with any chemical compound, high concentrations or prolonged exposure could potentially have metabolic effects. No specific toxicological data are reported in the available literature.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Adenosine 2'-phosphate is a purine ribonucleoside 2'-monophosphate. It is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is the conjugate acid of adenosine 2'-phosphate (2-). 2'-Adenosine acid has been reported and data are available for its detection in Aeromonas veronii. Adenosine 2'-phosphate is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is an adenine nucleotide with a phosphate group esterified at the 2', 3', or 5' position of its sugar moiety.
2'-Adenylic acid is an endogenous metabolite and a research-grade compound. It is not a drug and is not approved for clinical use. Its primary applications are in biochemistry, immunology, and cell signaling research. It is used as a tool to study adenosine receptor signaling, particularly the A2A and A2B receptor subtypes. It is also used to study the extracellular 2',3'-cAMP pathway and its role in inflammation and immune regulation. The compound serves as a building block for nucleic acids and is involved in energy transfer and signal transduction. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H14N5O7P
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
347.22
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| Exact Mass |
347.063
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| CAS # |
130-49-4
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| PubChem CID |
94136
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
815.5±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
447.0±37.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.905
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| LogP |
-1.74
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
481
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C32)O1)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
UQRXDDDXDPEXNS-VQFZJOCSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-6(17)7(4(1-16)21-10)22-23(18,19)2011-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(22-23(18,19)20)6(17)4(1-16)21-10/h2*2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t2*4-,6-,7-,10-/m11/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl dihydrogen phosphate compound with (2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl dihydrogen phosphate
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| Synonyms |
Adenosine 2′(3′)-monophosphate mixed isomers 2'-Adenylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~62.5 mg/mL (~180.00 mM)
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~144.00 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.20 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.20 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.20 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8800 mL | 14.4001 mL | 28.8002 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5760 mL | 2.8800 mL | 5.7600 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2880 mL | 1.4400 mL | 2.8800 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT02318043 | COMPLETED | Drug: inhaled corticosteroids (usually budesonide/fomorterol 160/4.5mcg; fluticasone/salmeterol 250/50mcg) |
Asthma | Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease | 2007-01 | Not Applicable |
| NCT00970190 | COMPLETED | Sinusitis | Greg Davis | 2009-08 | ||
| NCT02391519 | RECRUITING | Procedure: Collection of myometrial, cord blood, and placental tissue samples |
IUGR Preeclampsia Pregnancy |
University of Colorado, Denver | 2016-01 | |
| NCT01581736 | TERMINATED | Drug: U100 Humulin Other: Exercise |
Obesity Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
Mayo Clinic | 2012-04 | Phase 1 |
| NCT05032729 | COMPLETED | Other: Trypophan, Theanine and 5'AMP Other: Placebo |
Balance Cognitive Performance Physical Performance Sleep |
PepsiCo Global R&D | 2022-03-14 | Not Applicable |
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