Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
...The duration of action is longer than progesterone, but the onset of action is slower. A single injection of hydroxyprogesterone caproate oil solution can produce a progestin effect lasting 1-2 weeks. /Caproate/ Approximately 50-60% of radioactive progesterone is excreted in the urine, and approximately 10% in the feces. ...When progesterone is administered for extended periods, such as during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or during pregnancy, a larger proportion (25-30%) of progesterone is excreted in the urine as pregnanediol.
/Progesterone/ Endogenous progesterone has an exceptionally rapid turnover rate, with a half-life in the blood of only a few minutes; exogenous substances are undoubtedly processed in the same way. A small amount of progesterone is stored in body fat... It is presumed that it is rapidly absorbed from the intestines, but its compounds are rapidly converted as they pass through the liver... /Progesterone/

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Metabolism/Metabolites Known metabolites of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone include 17β-21-dihydroxyprogesterone. 17α-hydroxyprogesterone is a known progesterone metabolite.

Interactions
...Estrogen enhances the inhibitory effect of progesterone, leading to the common practice of using both in combination. /Progesterone/

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone is a 17α-hydroxy steroid, a 17α-hydroxy derivative of progesterone. It is a metabolite, a progestin, and a metabolite found in both humans and mice. It is a 17α-hydroxy steroid, a 17α-hydroxy-C21-steroid, and a tertiary α-hydroxy ketone. Its function is related to progesterone. Hydroxyprogesterone is a progestin. Data on hydroxyprogesterone have been reported in humans and Vitex agnus-castus. Hydroxyprogesterone is a physiological progestin produced during the synthesis of glucocorticoids and steroid hormones, and its levels rise in late pregnancy (third trimester). Hydroxyprogesterone binds to cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in the reproductive system, subsequently activating progesterone receptor-mediated gene expression. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydrocortisone and gonadal steroid hormones. It is derived from progesterone via 17-hydroxylase (a P450c17 enzyme) or from 17-hydroxypregnenolone via 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/5-4 isomerase. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone is a natural progestin that rises primarily in late pregnancy due to production by the fetal adrenal glands. This hormone is mainly produced by the adrenal glands, with smaller amounts also produced by the gonads, particularly the corpus luteum of the ovary. Normal levels in children are 3-90 ng/dl, while in women it is 15-70 ng/dl before ovulation and 35-290 ng/dl during the luteal phase. Measuring 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels is helpful in assessing suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia because the typically deficient enzymes, 21-hydroxylase and 11-hydroxylase, lead to the accumulation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP). Conversely, in rare cases of 17-hydroxylase deficiency, 17OHP levels are very low or undetectable. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels can also be used to measure the contribution of luteal progesterone activity during pregnancy, as the placenta also produces progesterone but not 17OHP. 17OHP is a metabolite of progesterone with a hydroxyl group at the 17-α position. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydrocortisone and gonadotropic hormones. See also: hydroxyprogesterone caproate (active moiety); 17β-hydroxyprogesterone (note moved here). Mechanism of Action: Combined or sequential administration of estrogen and progesterone can interfere with fertility in a variety of ways. However, the mixtures currently in use clearly suppress ovulation. …The sustained action of progesterone suppresses the release of luteinizing hormone (LH). /Progesterone/ It acts as an antigonadotropic drug on the anterior pituitary gland, suppressing the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thereby inhibiting follicle growth, estrogen production, and estrus. It also inhibits the release of LH, thereby preventing ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and further progesterone secretion. By inhibiting LH…progesterone levels are controlled.

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Therapeutic Uses
Therapeutic Uses: …Contraception…Dysmenorrhea…Premenstrual syndrome…Endometriosis…Threatened abortion and recurrent miscarriage…Ovarian function assessment and pregnancy diagnosis…Suppression of postpartum lactation…Endometrial cancer. /Progestin/
Chemotherapy drugs for neoplastic diseases: Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Diletin) is used to treat endometrial cancer, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. /Caproate/
…Used to treat metastatic and recurrent endometrial cancer. When metastases are confined to the lungs, approximately 25% of patients achieve long-term remission. Higher doses are required when the disease recurs in the bone, abdominal, or pelvic areas. …Also used for parenteral administration in renal cancer. /Progestin/
Used to regulate irregular estrous cycles, it is usually used in combination with estrogen. /Hexanoate/
For more complete data on the therapeutic uses of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (15 types), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Drug Warnings
Veterinarians: Avoid allowing treated animals to breed before the second post-treatment estrous cycle. Severe pyometra-like syndrome has occurred in treated animals with endometrial atrophy…
Whether the use of progestin-estrogen oral contraceptives leads to a higher incidence of ocular and oculomotor diseases than in untreated women or pregnant women is inconclusive… /Progestin/
Contraindications include thromboembolic disease or a history of it, significantly impaired liver function, known or suspected breast cancer or other estrogen-dependent tumors, and unexplained genital bleeding. /Oral Contraceptives/

C21H30O3

330.46

330.219

68-96-2

6238

White to off-white solid powder

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

482.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

276°C

260.0±25.2 °C

0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C

1.560

2.89

1

3

1

24

635

6

O([H])[C@]1(C(C([H])([H])[H])=O)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C4=C([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]4(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]21C([H])([H])[H])=O

DBPWSSGDRRHUNT-CEGNMAFCSA-N

InChI=1S/C21H30O3/c1-13(22)21(24)11-8-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(23)6-9-19(14,2)17(16)7-10-20(18,21)3/h12,16-18,24H,4-11H2,1-3H3/t16-,17+,18+,19+,20+,21+/m1/s1

(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-Acetyl-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

Hydroxyprogesterone 17A-Hydroxyprogesterone

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~151.30 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)