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| Targets |
11-oxo-mogroside V does not have a single defined molecular target; rather, its primary biological activity is its potent antioxidant effect. It acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and the hydroxyl radical (•OH). By neutralizing these harmful free radicals, it protects cells and tissues from oxidative damage, which is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its antioxidant mechanism is thought to involve the donation of hydrogen atoms or electrons to free radicals, thereby stabilizing them and preventing them from initiating chain reactions that lead to cellular damage. The compound's strong inhibitory activity against ROS has been demonstrated in various in vitro assays.
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| ln Vitro |
11-oxo-mogroside V demonstrated a greater scavenging action than mogroside V on O2- (concentration that inhibited 50% of chemiluminescence intensity [EC50] = 4.79 μg/mL) and H2O2 (EC50 = 16.52 μg/mL). 11-oxo-mogroside V exhibits a substantial inhibitory impact on *OH-induced DNA damage, with EC50=3.09 μg/mL[1]. 11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural sweetener isolated from monk fruit and has a strong inhibitory action. Induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) revealed inhibitory effects on preliminary screening assays. 11-oxo-mogroside V revealed substantial inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (91.2%, 50.9% and 21.3% inhibition at 1000, 500 and 100 molar ratio/TPA concentrations, respectively) [2].
11-oxo-mogroside V demonstrates significant in vitro antioxidant activity. It exhibits a greater scavenging action than mogroside V on superoxide anion (O₂⁻), with an EC₅₀ (the concentration required to inhibit 50% of the chemiluminescence intensity) of 4.79 μg/mL. It also shows potent scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), with an EC₅₀ of 16.52 μg/mL. Furthermore, 11-oxo-mogroside V exhibits a substantial inhibitory effect on hydroxyl radical (•OH)-induced DNA damage, with an EC₅₀ of 3.09 μg/mL. In addition to its antioxidant activity, the compound has been shown to inhibit the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), suggesting potential anti-tumor-promoting activity. |
| ln Vivo |
Just 26.6% and 53.3% of mice in the groups treated with DMBA, TPA, and 11-oxo-mogroside V developed papillomas even after 10 and 15 weeks of escalation, respectively. Per mouse, only 1.0, 3.3, and 4.7 papillomas developed. There are 15 and 20 week promotions[2].
In vivo, 11-oxo-mogroside V has demonstrated potential chemopreventive activity in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. In a study using DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter, only 26.6% and 53.3% of mice in the groups treated with 11-oxo-mogroside V developed papillomas after 10 and 15 weeks of promotion, respectively. Per mouse, only 1.0, 3.3, and 4.7 papillomas developed. These results indicate that 11-oxo-mogroside V can significantly suppress tumor promotion in this model, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The compound is also a natural sweetener and is used in food and beverage applications. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro antioxidant assays for 11-oxo-mogroside V are performed to measure its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. For superoxide anion scavenging, the compound is incubated with a superoxide-generating system (e.g., xanthine/xanthine oxidase) and a chemiluminescent probe (e.g., lucigenin). The decrease in chemiluminescence intensity is measured, and the EC₅₀ is calculated. For hydrogen peroxide scavenging, the compound is incubated with H₂O₂, and the residual H₂O₂ is measured using a peroxidase-based assay. For hydroxyl radical scavenging, the compound is incubated with •OH generated by the Fenton reaction (Fe²⁺ + H₂O₂), and DNA damage is assessed by gel electrophoresis or by using a fluorescent probe. These assays provide a quantitative measure of the compound's antioxidant capacity.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 11-oxo-mogroside V are performed to evaluate its cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress. Cells (e.g., fibroblasts, neuronal cells, or hepatocytes) are pre-treated with the compound and then exposed to an oxidative stressor, such as H₂O₂ or a chemical that generates ROS. Cell viability is measured using assays such as MTT or CCK-8. Intracellular ROS levels are measured using fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA. The compound's ability to reduce ROS levels and protect cells from oxidative damage is a measure of its cytoprotective activity. These assays are essential for studying the cellular mechanisms of its antioxidant effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 11-oxo-mogroside V are typically conducted in models of oxidative stress and cancer. In the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model, mice are treated with DMBA as an initiator and TPA as a promoter, and the compound is administered topically or orally. The number and size of skin papillomas are monitored over several weeks. The compound's ability to reduce the incidence and multiplicity of tumors is assessed. Other models, such as models of inflammation, diabetes, or neurodegeneration, may also be used to study its therapeutic potential. These studies provide insights into the compound's in vivo efficacy and its mechanism of action.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 11-oxo-mogroside V are not extensively documented. As a large, hydrophilic glycoside with a molecular weight of approximately 1285.42 g/mol and a negative LogP of -1.52, it is expected to have poor oral bioavailability. It is likely poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and may be metabolized by gut microbiota. For research purposes, it is typically stored as a powder at -20°C. It is soluble in DMSO and can be formulated for in vivo administration. Its pharmacokinetic profile, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, would need to be characterized in detail for therapeutic development.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of 11-oxo-mogroside V is generally considered to be favorable, as it is a natural component of monk fruit, which has a long history of safe use as a food and sweetener. Monk fruit extract is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA. However, systematic toxicity studies, including acute, subchronic, and genotoxicity testing, would be required for its development as a therapeutic agent. For laboratory handling, standard safety precautions for research chemicals should be observed. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic or diagnostic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, 11-oxo-mogroside V has been found in Siamese acacia (Siraitia siamensis), and relevant data are available for reference.
11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural triterpene glycoside isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii (monk fruit). It has a molecular formula of C₆₀H₁₀₀O₂₉ and a molecular weight of approximately 1285.42 g/mol. The compound is also known as 11-oxo-mogroside V and is a sweet element of monk fruit extract. It exhibits strong antioxidant activity, particularly against superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. It also shows potential anti-tumor-promoting activity. The compound is supplied as a white to off-white solid powder with a purity of ≥98%. 11-oxo-mogroside V is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C60H100O29
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1285.4186
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| Exact Mass |
1284.635
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| CAS # |
126105-11-1
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| PubChem CID |
14525331
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.641
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| LogP |
-1.52
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
18
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
29
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
20
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| Heavy Atom Count |
89
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| Complexity |
2410
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
CGGWHBLPUUKEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C60H100O29/c1-23(9-13-35(57(4,5)79)88-55-50(89-54-49(78)43(72)38(67)29(20-63)84-54)45(74)40(69)31(86-55)22-81-52-47(76)42(71)37(66)28(19-62)83-52)24-15-16-58(6)32-12-10-25-26(60(32,8)33(64)17-59(24,58)7)11-14-34(56(25,2)3)87-53-48(77)44(73)39(68)30(85-53)21-80-51-46(75)41(70)36(65)27(18-61)82-51/h10,23-24,26-32,34-55,61-63,65-79H,9,11-22H2,1-8H3
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| Chemical Name |
17-[5-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~77.80 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (1.94 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (1.94 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (1.94 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7780 mL | 3.8898 mL | 7.7796 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1556 mL | 0.7780 mL | 1.5559 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0778 mL | 0.3890 mL | 0.7780 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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